1. Ming Dynasty 明 1368 - 1644

2. Overview  Last Han Chinese Dynasty  Aborted attempts at overseas expansion  Beginning of sustained contact with the West  Increasingly autocratic rule  Factionalism, Eunuchs, and dynastic decline

4. Establishing the Ming  Zhu Yuanzhang (1328 – 1399) Hongwu (ruled 1368 – 1399)  Mendicant monk Joined an uprising against the Mongols  Religiously inspired rebel groups  1351 – 1368 widespread rebellions against the Mongols  Joined Leadership of Red Turbans Captured Nanjing and obtained Confucian advisors 1368 took dynastic title and invoked the Mandate of Heaven

5. Zhu Yuanzhang - Hongwu

6. Without his make-up?

7. Hongwu (1368 – 1399)  1368 – 1380 consolidate control and campaign against the Mongols  1380 Turning point in the early Ming Major political purges of former supporters Revamped government  Emperor is the sole coordinator of top echelon administration  Eliminated the Secretariat, Censorate, and Chief Military Commission  1384 Civil Service Examinations reinstituted  Rural Reforms Lijia system – sets of 110 households manage local tax system

8. Yongle Emperor (r. 1402-24)  Son of Hongwu  Usurped throne from his nephew  Moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing  Expand territory into Manchuria and Vietnam

9. Voyages of Zheng He 1405-33  1405 – 1433 Zheng He took seven separate voyages 317 ships 28,000 men Sailed as far as the Arabian Peninsula and east coast of Africa  The Chinese did NOT sail to the Americas Chinese ship vs. Columbus’s Santa Maria

10. Map of Zheng He’s Voyages

11. Yongle’s Tribute

12. Sustained Contacts with the West  Chinese control Contacts  Economic Benefits to China Inflow of Western Silver New world crops  Macau: Portuguese Trading outpost 1517  Jesuit, Franciscan, and Dominican Missionaries  Matteo Ricci, (1552-1610) 1601 permanent headquarters in Beijing

13. Map of the World Prepared by Matteo Ricci for Wanli Emperor

14. Ming in Decline Wanli Emperor (r. 1572-1620)  Financial crisis  Political paralysis Wanli’s withdrawal from government  Legacy of Hongwu’s reforms Government structure required a strong emperor  Late Ming Eunuch dictator Wei Zhongxian (1568-1627) Donglin Faction  Peasant Rebellions Li Zicheng (1606 – 1645) Zhang Xianzhong (died 1647)

15. Rise of the Manchus: Founding of the Qing  Downfall of the Ming Dynastic cycle Enuch corruption

16. Li Zicheng 李自成 (1606-1645)

17. Route of Li Zicheng

18. Fall of the Ming  Li Zicheng occupies Beijing 1644 “Shun Dynasty” April 1644  Wu Sangui Opens Shanhaiguan  Dorgon enters Beijing June 1644 Qing Dynasty restore “Confucian order” Problems of Conquest Dynasty

19. Rise of the Manchus: Founding of the Qing  Rise of the Manchus Nurhaci (1558-1626) ( 努尔哈赤 ) Subordinate to Ming Tribal groups Consolidate control Banner System ( 八旗 ) Chinese bureaucratic structure

20. General Wu Sangui, 吳三桂 (1612-78)