1. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 1 Factors Impacting Bay & Watershed Health

2. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 2 Pollutants

3. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 3 Nitrogen Loads and River Flow to the Bay

4. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 4 Phosphorus Loads and River Flow to the Bay

5. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 5 Sediment Loads and River Flow to the Bay Provisional estimates indicate that 2 million tons of sediment reached the Bay during the 2009 water year (October 2008-September 2009). This is 1.6 million tons less than 2008 and 2 million tons less than the 4 million ton average load from 1990- 2009. The sediment load estimates do not account for sediment from the coastal plain areas of the watershed. Scientists are currently developing methods to quantify the total loads of sediment to the Bay.

6. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 6 Chemical Contaminant Loads to the Bay Synthetic organic pesticides and their degradation products have been widely detected at low levels in the watershed, including emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and hormones. Fish (principally male bass) in the Potomac watershed have testicular oocytes - female eggs growing in their testes - a form of intersex. Reproductive abnormalities in fish have been strongly linked with a variety of contaminants that affect the endocrine systems of fish. Scientists are currently developing methods to quantify chemical contaminant loads to the Bay.

7. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 7 Land Use *Not quantified in relation to a goal

8. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 8 Bay Watershed Population

9. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 9 Bay Watershed Forest Cover

10. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 10 Natural Factors

11. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 11 River Flow into Chesapeake Bay

12. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 12 Weather - - *Not quantified in relation to a goal Rainfall, temperature and winds have a great impact on water quality, habitats and fish and shellfish populations. Climate change and variability have caused water temperatures in the Bay to exhibit greater extremes during the 20th century than the previous 2,000 years. Sea-level rise related to climate change is contributing to the loss of vital coastal wetlands.

13. Bay Barometer: A Health and Restoration Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay and Watershed in 2009 Factors Impacting Health 040810 13 Other Pressures