1. Over-the-Counter Products - What’s in the Bottle? David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The “BugDoc” The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH © October, 2002, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

2. Is There Life After Dursban and Diazinon Cancellation? Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) continues to review insecticides and miticides. Organophosphates and Carbamates are major targets for restriction. Dursban and diazinon NOT canceled, just restricted from residential use, still available for golf courses and nurseries. Orthene also “voluntarily” withdrawn – Cygon (=dimethoate), Sevin (=carbaryl) and others not being “supported.”

3. What are the alternatives? Pyrethroids – broad spectrum insecticides; some with mite suppression; considerable range of activity within group (i.e., they are not all the same!). Neonicotinoids – broad spectrum; some systemic action; often slow action – best used as preventives; not all are the same! Spinosyn – moderately broad spectrum, good on caterpillars, spider mites, some leafminers. Neem (azadirachtin) – moderate spectrum; IGR action. Oils & Soaps – still there!

4. Pyrethroids Sumithrin [Ortho] Tetramethrin [Ortho] Resmethrin Cyfluthrin (=Tempo)[Bayer Advanced Lawn & Garden products] Permethrin (=Astro, Pounce)[Spectracide] Bifenthrin (=Talstar) [Ortho & Scotts products] Deltamethrin [Bonide] Esfenvalerate (=Asana) [Ortho] Lambda-cyhalothrin (=Scimitar)

5. Pyrethroid LD-50s Sumithrin = 10,000 Tetramethrin = 5000 Resmethrin = 2500 Cyfluthrin = 500 Permethrin = 430 Bifenthrin = 375 Deltamethrin = 135 Esfenvalerate = 75 Lambda-cyhalothrin = 56

6. Bonide Delta Eight – with deltamethrin (=DeltaGard) OVERALL LAWN TREATMENT FOR GRASS AND DICHONDRA LAWNS TO CONTROL Ants, Armyworms (inc. Fall, Yellow-Striped etc.), Bermudagrass Mites, Billbugs (adult), Boxelder Bugs, Centipedes, Chiggers, Chinch Bugs, Clover Mites, Cockroaches, Crickets, Cutworms, Darkling Ground Beetles, Digger Wasps, Essex Skipper, European Crane Fly Larvae, Field Crickets, Fiery Skipper, Fire Ants, Flea Beetle (in dichondra), Grasshopper, Hyperodes (Turfgrass Weevil), Japanese Beetle (adult), Lawn Moths, Leafhoppers, Adult Mealybugs, Scorpions, Silverfish & Firebrats, Sod Webworms, Sowbugs, Spiders, Spittlebugs, Springtails, Vegetable Weevils (in dichondra)

7. Bonide Eight Insect Control – with permethrin Ornamentals Pests: Aphids, Armyworms, Bagworms, Cabbage Worms, Cicadas, Cornworms, Cutworms, Exposed Thrips, Fall Cankerworms, Fall Webworms, Fungus Gnat, Inchworms, Japanese Beetles, Leafminers, Leafrollers, Mealybugs, Scale Crawlers, Spring Cankerworms, Spider Mites, Whiteflies, Rose Chafer, Psyllids, Scale Insects

8. Bayer Advanced Garden Power-Force Multi-Insect Killer – with cyfluthrin (=Tempo) Ornamentals- Aphids, Bagworms, Boxelder Bugs, Clover Mites, Elm Leaf Beetles, Grasshoppers, Gypsy Moth Larvae, Japanese Beetles (adults), Lacebugs, Leaf-feeding Caterpillars, Leaf-feeding Beetles, Leafhoppers, Mealybugs, Pillbugs, Scales (crawlers only), Spittlebugs, Thrips, Whiteflies Turf – Ants, Armyworms, Bluegrass Billbugs (adults), Chiggers, Chinchbugs, Crickets, Cutworms, Earwigs, Fire Ants, Fleas, Grasshoppers, Hyperodes Weevils (adults), Japanese Beetles (adults), Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms (lawn moths), Ticks (including deer ticks)

9. Ortho Houseplant & Garden Insect Killer - bifenthrin Ornamentals Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies

10. Ortho Rose & Flower Insect Killer - bifenthrin Ornamentals- Aphids, caterpillars, beetles (including Japanese beetles), fungus gnats, lacebugs, leafhoppers, leafminers, leafrollers, mealybugs, spider mites, rose midges, scales (crawlers), spittlebugs, tent caterpillars, thrips, weevils, whiteflies and other garden insects

11. Ortho Home Defense, Home & Garden Insect Killer - Tetramethrin & Sumithrin Ornamentals – Ants, Aphids, Cankerworm, Caterpillars, Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Japanese Beetle, Lacebugs, Leafhopper, Mealybug, Spider Mites, Whiteflies

12. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi- purpose Insect Killer – with esfenvalerate (formerly contained diazinon) On Ornamental Plants Including: Roses,Flowers,Shrubs and Small Trees Aphid, armyworm, balsam woolly adelgid, buckhorn aphid, cabbage looper, cucumber beetle (adults – spotted & striped), cutworm, European pine sawfly, fall webworm, flea beetle, grasshopper, gypsy moth, imported cabbageworm, Japanese beetle, leafhopper, looper, northern pine weevil, pine chafer, pine coreid bug, red pine sawfly, redheaded pine sawfly, saltmarsh caterpillar, spittlebugs, tent caterpillar and whitefly.

13. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi- purpose Insect Killer – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon) Lawn pests: ants, armyworms, brown dog ticks, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, deer ticks, fleas, grasshoppers, Japanese beetle grubs, mole crickets and sod webworms. Tree, shrub, rose and flower pests: aphids, bagworms, cicadas, exposed thrips, fall cankerworms and other listed pests. Nuisance pests (outdoors): ants, clover mites, cluster flies, crickets, earwigs, fleas and other listed pests.

14. Ortho Bug-B-Gon Multi- purpose Insect Killer – ready to use granules – with permethrin (formerly contained diazinon or carbaryl)

15. Ortho Lawn Insect Killer Granules and Scotts Insect Control plus Lawn Fertilizer – with bifenthrin (replaces the Dursban and Diazinon granules) Lawns Ants, armyworm (including fall armyworm), billbug, chiggers, chinch bugs, crickets, cutworms, earwigs, grasshoppers, mealybugs, sod webworms and weevils, black turfgrass ataenius, fleas, leafhoppers, spiders, ticks, mole crickets, millipedes, centipedes, scorpions, sowbugs/pillbugs.

16. Neonicotinoids – nerve blockers, behavior modifiers Imidacloprid = Merit (only one registered for homeowner use) Thiamethoxam = Meridian (not yet registered Two to Three under development

17. Ornamentals - Adelgids, Aphids, Black Vine Weevil Larvae, Roundheaded Borers (including Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers), Flatheaded Borers (including Bronze Birch and Alder Borers) Japanese Beetles (adult), Lacebugs, Leaf Beetles (including Elm, Leaf Beetles and Viburnum Leaf Beetles), Leafhoppers, Leafminers (including Birch Leafminers), Mealybugs Pine Tip Moth Larvae, Psyllids, Royal Palm Bugs, Sawfly Larvae, Scales (including Armored Scale [suppression] and Soft Scale), Thrips, Whiteflies Bayer Advanced Garden Lawn & Garden Tree & Shrub Insect Control – contains imidacloprid (=Merit)

18. Bayer Advanced Lawn Season Long Grub Control (imidacloprid = Merit) White Grubs, Mole Crickets

19. Insect Growth Regulators Halofenozide – molting accelerator Azatin – exoskeleton inhibitor

20. Ortho Grub-B-Gon and Scotts GrubEX – contains halofenozide (=MACH2) Turf White grubs*, armyworms, cutworms and sod webworms * White grubs including larvae of european chafer, northern and southern masked chafer(s), Japanese beetle, oriental beetle, Asiatic garden beetle, May/June beetle, black turfgrass ataenius, green June beetle, annual bluegrass weevil/ hyperodes, billbugs and aphodius beetle.

21. Label includes: Aphids, bagworms, bean leaf beetles, armyworms, caterpillars, cucumber beetles, cutworms, Japanese beetles, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, gypsy moth larvae, mealybugs, thrips, vine borers, Mexican bean beetles, weevils and whiteflies.

23. Organophosphates & Carbamates still available Diazinon – until December 2004 Trichlorfon (=Dylox) – until ? Carbaryl (=Sevin) – until ?

24. Grubs, Mole Crickets, Sod Webworms, Cutworms Bayer Advanced Lawn 24-hour Grub Control (trichlorfon = Dylox)

25. Contains permethrin!

27. Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides 1976 – 2001 a – rateaverange% of tests Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests% controlbelow 70% Thiamethoxam0.296.1380-1003 (=Meridian) Halofenozide 1.5 92.8 5710-10010 (=MACH2) Imidacloprid 0.3 93.7 5858-1007 (=Merit) Trichlorfon 8.0 77.6 900-9819 (=Dylox, Proxol) Carbaryl 8.0 74.3 4013-10037 (=Sevin) Diazinon 4.0 69.0 2047-9942 5.5 74.8 4125-10029 Chlorpyrifos 4.0 54.6 320-9659 (=Dursban) a Data from ESA publications (1977-2001) using masked chafer and Japanese beetle data where label timing recommendations were used and at least 4.0 grubs per sq.ft. were found in checks.

28. Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy by Time of Application Halofenozide1.592.8 (6)96.8 (18)92.2 (15)92.0 (13) 80.3 (22) (=MACH2) Imidachloprid0.390.2 (8)91.8 (16)94.9 (16)95.6 (17) 96.5 (29) (=Merit) Thiamethoxam0.280.0 (5)98.8 (11)98.6 (9)98.3 (11) 93.7 (8) (=Meridian)0.2691.5 (4)99.3 (3)99.3 (2)98.0 (6)100.0 (4) Trichlorfon8.0---------91.0 (2) 83.3 (12) rate ave % control (#tests) Insecticidelb.ai./a.MayJuneJulyto Aug 16to Sept 10

29. But, what about the “tough-to-control” grubs? Green June beetle, European chafer, Oriental beetle?

30. Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides Against European Chafer - 1976 – 2001 a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using European chafer data where timing of application was between 1 July and 15 August. rateave Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests Thiamethoxam0.283.81 (=Meridian) Trichlorfon8.077.01 (=Dylox, Proxol) Carbaryl8.074.52 (=Sevin) Halofenozide1.567.913 (=MACH2)2.072.89 Imidacloprid0.389.917 (=Merit)0.489.24 Bendiocarb2.081.01 (=Turcam)3.082.45

31. Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy For Control of European Chafer, by Time of Application Halofenozide1.583.4 (2)67.9 (13) 60.5 (5) (=MACH2)2.072.8 (9) 23.5 (2) Imidachloprid0.388.3 (5)89.9 (17) 73.0 (4) (=Merit)0.498.4 (2)89.2 (4) 88.2 (3) Thiamethoxam0.284.5 (2)83.8 (1) (=Meridian)0.26 Trichlorfon8.0---77.0 (1) 86.2 (6) rate ave % control (#tests) Insecticidelb.ai./a.JuneJuly-15Aug to Sept

32. Billbugs Again!

33. Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000 a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch. OPs & Carb rateave Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests Fonofos2.079.12 (=Crusade) Carbaryl6.091.71 (=Sevin) Chlorpyrifos1.047.83 (=Dursban)2.074.53 Diazinon 4.088.24 8.058.31

34. Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000 a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch. Pyrethroids rateave Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests lam-Cyhalothrin0.0681.01 (=Scimitar) Deltamethrin0.0671.01 (=DeltaGard)0.1375.22 Bifenthrin0.0550.11 (=Talstar) 0.154.21 Cyfluthrin0.1439.42 (=Tempo)

35. Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as preventives) - 1989 – 2000 a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was at egg lay to early egg hatch. NeoNs & IGR rateave Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests Halofenozide1.562.66 (=MACH2)2.041.42 Imidacloprid0.386.48 (=Merit) 0.461.56 Thiamethoxam0.281.01 (=Meridian) 0.261001

36. Ranked Efficacy of Billbug Insecticides (used as curatives) - 1989 – 2000 a a Data from ESA publications (1989-2000) using bluegrass billbug data where timing of application was to control larvae. rateave Insecticidelb.ai./a.% control# tests Chlorpyrifos1.040.31 (=Dursban) Permethrin0.459.01 (=Astro)0.838.31 Thiamethoxam1.564.76 (=MACH2) 2.017.01 Deltamethrin0.1316.71 (=DeltaGard) Diazinon4.065.65 Imidacloprid0.364.76 (=Merit) Bifenthrin0.167.01 (=Talstar)

38. 2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control Treatment Permethrin 0.5G0.25909.514 816.80.5023Permethrin 0.5G 1058.9-.- --Check 823.61.0022Permethrin 0.5G 721.70.43 32Permethrin 0.5GF Rate % Control appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH 7DAT #/ft.sq.

39. 2001 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control Treatment Merit 75WP0.39296 900.387Exp NN-v 830.163Tempo Ultra 980.198Talstar SC 780.481Exp NN-v 220.20Tempo 20WP Rate % Control appl. 30 Aug., Springboro, OH; 943.5 & 418.6 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 7, & 14 DAT 7DAT14DAT

40. 2002 Ohio Hairy Chinch Bug Control Treatment Steward SC0.255854 320.229Exp NN-t 650.380Merit 75WP 520.169Talstar SC 270.379Exp NN-t 100.281Meridian 25WG Rate % Control appl. 27 Aug., Dublin, OH; 70.2 & 312.5 hcb/sq.ft. checks @ 3, & 15 DAT 3DAT15DAT

42. Turf Caterpillar Controls InsecticideRate % Control# Tests Organophosphates Diazinon5.594.04 Dursban1.098.718 Dylox/Proxol8.087.34 Orthene5.092.34 Carbamates Sevin4.096.85 Turcam2.089.73

43. Turf Caterpillar Controls InsecticideRate % Control# Tests Pyrethroids Astro0.04100.02 DeltaGard0.0894.52 Scimitar0.0296.85 Tempo0.1097.621 Spinosyn Conserve0.390.16

44. Turf Caterpillar Controls InsecticideRate % Control# Tests Chloronicotinoid Merit0.348.57 Molt Accelerator (growth regulator) MACH21.086.57 Nematodes S. carpocapsae1.0 bil89.67 H. bact.0.5 bil67.04

45. Borer Insecticides Traditional Dursban Lindane DiSyston (disulfoton) Cygon (dimethoate) Bidrin injection Orthene injection Alternatives Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro Merit injection (beetles only!) ??? X X ??

46. Borer Control Approaches Cultural – Use plants that are not prone to borer attack! Plant health care – plants in good growing conditions can usually repel borer attacks. Avoid Plant Damage – damaged plants are prone to attack. Biological – Usually not effective because they attack after infestation.

47. Caterpillars – Fall Webworm, Mimosa Webworm, Bagworm

48. Caterpillar Insecticides Traditional Dursban Sevin Orthene Malathion Alternatives Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro Conserve Bt Soaps or Oils X ? X

49. Pine tortoise scale mature females on stem. Pine needle scale second instar nymphs and male “pupae” on needles.

50. Pine needle scale females. Note pinkish eggs at end of scale test (shell) and a settled crawler at upper left. Group of pine needle scale settled crawlers (tan) and a couple of fresh crawlers (pinkish) in color.

51. Scale Control (crawlers) Traditional Diazinon Dursban Sevin Orthene Malathion Cygon DiSyston (disulfoton) Alternatives Tempo, Talstar, Deltagard, Scimitar, Astro Merit (soft scales) Meridian (Flagship)? Soaps & Oils X X ?? ? X

52. Cool-Season Pests – Spruce Spider Mite – inactive most of summer!

53. Miticides Traditional Kelthane Morestan Cygon Orthene ? Alternatives Avid Hexygon (eggs & larvae only, spider mites only) Floramite (spider mites only) Sanmite (spider mites only) Conserve Pyrethroids?? Soaps or Oils X X ??

54. Black Vine Weevil Management What’s Lost? Ficam (Turcam) Orthene is on the way out! What are the Alternatives? Merit! (home owner product available, apply to soil, NOT mulch, not for adults!) Pyrethroids for Adults DiSyston (disulfoton) (home owner products available, BVW not named on label, apply to soil!)

55. How can you tell what works from the label? Look for a California label!