1. Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s)

2. Our metaphysical outlook MULTIPLE TYPES OF EACH POSITION Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s)

3. MATERIAL MONISM EXISTENTIAL NIHILISM -There’s just one realm of material bodies in motion - This life is it; it’s all I/we have - Freedom, meaning, purpose are what I/we “make” of them - Let’s use what resources we have to survive in this one life Example

4. PROPERTY DUALISM NEUROSCIENCE -There’s the physical/material realm recognizable by science - There’s a complexly organized material brain (one property) from which mind emerges or supervenes (another property) - No brain, no mind -The more complex, the more important Just One Example Example

5. PROPERTY PLURALISM PANTHEISTIC HINDUISM -There’s an immanent and transcendent unified reality - There’s a divine grounding for all of reality, that penetrates all of reality - All of reality is sacred and imbued with autonomy Just One Example Example

6. SUBSTANCE PLURALISM STANDARD MONOTHEISM -There’s God, souls, material world, immaterial realms - These things exist in their own right - God is Supreme Creator, worthy of worship and allegiance Just One Example Example

7. SUBSTANCE DUALISM MOST PHILOSOPHERS IN WESTERN HISTORY -There’s the physical/material realm of which everything visible is composed -There’s a soul/mind in certain things that can move by themselves -The soul/mind has different graded types No soul < Less complex soul < More complex soul Just One Example Example

8. IMMATERIAL MONISM CHRISTIAN SCIENCE -There’s only one kind of reality and it’s immaterial - This reality is perfect and harmonious - God, souls, spirits exist really - Material realm is an illusion Just One Example Example

9. Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s) Some set of principles (implicit or explicit) What we do GROUNDED IN More Simply

10. Some set of principles (implicit or explicit) Priest says so… It’s unnatural… It’s cowardly… It’s not in our best interest… It’s unjust… Various Moral Theories: Religious Ethics, Natural Law Ethics, Egoism, Relativism, Utilitarianism, Kantian- Based Deontology, Virtue Ethics

11. Some set of principles (implicit or explicit)

12. THE CURRENT, MOST “UNIVERSALIZABLE” AND “RATIONAL” POSITIONS

13. Some set of principles: BIOMEDICAL ETHICS

14. These form the basis for these

15. Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s) Some set of principles (implicit or explicit) What we do GROUNDED IN More Simply

16. What we do I decided not to do X… I made the practical decision to do Y… Applied Ethics: Business Ethics, Legal Ethics, Cyberethics, Bioethics, Medical Ethics… Biomedical Ethics

17. Decisions in Biomedical Ethics surround these topics and others… Biomedical Ethics

18. For Example: Biomedical Ethics

19. Our metaphysical/ontological outlook (s) Some set of principles (implicit or explicit) What we do GROUNDED IN More Simply

20. GROUNDED IN Practical, Biomedical Decisions are grounded in Normative Ethical positions, which themselves are grounded in Metaphysical, Metaethical positions (which both make up what I am calling Bioethical Standpoints)