1. Back to the future in subtitling j.diaz-cintas@imperial.ac.uk 7 th May 2008 Dr Jorge Díaz-Cintas Imperial College London

2. Number of channels Analogue / digital era Lineal to interactive Multimedia programmes Video games, interactive software Internet Broadcast > > > narrowcast & webcast Personal use blogs, YouTube Commercial use Newspapers, TV channels, advertising, films to download, etc. BBC iPlayer Fansubs, fandubs, webtoons, scanlations... On the go technology Podcasts Distribution of AVT

3. 8-digit time code Laser & electronic subtitling Dedicated software Freeware Sound recognition Voice recognition Shot recognition DVD > Blu-ray Machine translation Translate TV Musa (Multilingual Subtitling of Multimedia Content) E-title Sync-now Technical & Digital Revolution

4. Better image quality Greater memory Versatile: audio, video, documents... Television & computer Easy access to material: research Promotion of accessibility Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Intralingual and interlingual Blind and Partially Sighted Audio description & Audio subtitling DVD > Blu-ray (1/2)

5. Quantity Music Corporate DVDs Extras & collector’s editions Re-launch of old and classical films TV series Typology Close / open Interlingual / intralingual Interlingual SDH Didactic Quality (?) DVD > Blu-ray (2/2)

6. Subtitles

7. Dialogue exchange (1/5)

8. Dialogue exchange (2/5)

9. Dialogue exchange (3/5)

10. Dialogue exchange (4/5)

11. Dialogue exchange (5/5)

12. Colours

13. Add-on subtitles (1/2)

14. Add-on subtitles (2/2)

15. Number of lines (1/2)

16. Number of lines (2/2)

17. About the translation (1/7)

18. About the translation (2/7)

19. About the translation (3/7)

20. About the translation (4/7)

21. About the translation (5/7)

22. About the translation (6/7)

23. About the translation (7/7)

24. Verbal signs transmitted acoustically dialogue, monologue Non-verbal signs transmitted acoustically background noise, music… Verbal signs transmitted visually credits, letters, documents, banners… Non-verbal signs transmitted visually gestures, kinesics… Dynamic nature of subtitles Semiotic dimension

25. Heroes

26. Naruto

27. Big Ad

28. Night Watch – Nochoi Dozor

29. Back to the future Hybridisation SDH Cohabitation on DVD SDH teletext onto DVD Digital technology: emoticons Comics Video games Fansubs Subbing Subtitles need to meet certain technical & editorial quality standards in order to be useful to viewers.Changes

30. Fansubs (1/3)

31. Fansubs (2/3)

32. Fansubs (3/3)

33. Presentation Typography varies according to fansub group Use of colours to identify characters Number of lines varies “Footnotes” on the top of the screen Position of subtitles varies Correct synchrony Karaoke subtitles for songs: opening & ending Omission – credits Addition – fansubtitlers Perspectives: Studies in Translatology Vol. 14(4), 2006 Ferrer (2005)

34. New consumer breed Implications for the translation Implications for the profession New conventions to stay? Creativity SDH Sign Language Other conventions? Scanlations Research Abusive / avant-garde / aesthetic Fandubs Conclusions (?)

35. Vielen Dank!