1. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

2. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 2 NETWORK Definition: A Group of interconnected nodes that exchange information and share resources through communication channels

3. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 3 TYPES OF NETWORKS Telecommunication Network Computer Network Transmission Network Control Network

4. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 4 Telecommunication Network * Designed primarily for human communication Example – Telephone Network – TV Network – Pager Network Nodes: Example – Telecommunication Devices – Telephone set – Pager

5. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 5 Transmission Network Designed primarily for data transport and Routing & Transmission Examples – Satellite Networks – ATM Networks – SONET Networks Processing Devices Examples - Switches - Routers

6. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 6 Control Network Designed primarily for Sensing and Measurement and Control Examples – Air Defence Network – Air Conditioning Network – Factory Network Sensors and Control Devices – Temperature Sensors – Robots

7. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 7 Computer Networks An interconnected Autonomous (self working/intelligent) Computers designed for Computer Communication through Communication channel for data exchange and resources sharing Examples – LAN – Internet – Banks Networks Devices: Autonomous Computers

8. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 8 Goals of Computer network Resource sharing (Software and Hardware). Providing high reliability by having alternative resources. Saving money. Access to remote information. Person-to-person communication. Interactive entertainment.

9. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 9 ADVANTAGES OF COMUTER NETWORKS Share Resources Provides Communication system to exchange & Broadcast information Increases Reliability Allow remote access to information sources Increase processing power for problem solving Allow new Application Allow Collaborative work

10. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 10 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS Loss of privacy Computer network Crimes Attack to social values

11. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 11 Uses of Computer Networks Business Applications Home Applications Social Applications Scientific Applications

12. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 12 Social and Scientific Applications of Networks Corporate Work Distributed Data Simulation and Research

13. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 13 Home Network Applications Access to remote information Person-to-person communication Interactive entertainment

14. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 14 Business Applications Electronic Commerce Electronic Administration Co-operative Work Electronic Government Office Automation E-Mail

15. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 15 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER NETWORKS Classification Based on Geography & Ownership - Personal Area Networks (PAN) - Local Area Networks (LAN) - Metropolitan Area Networks( MAN) - Wide Area Networks (WAN) - Internet

16. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 16 Classification Based on Geography & Distance

17. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 17 Classification Of Computer Networks-2 Classification Based on Technology and Application - Wireless Networks - Home Networks - Storage Area Networks (SAN) - Intranet and Extranet - Broadcast Networks

18. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 18 Local Area Networks Definition: A Computer Network owned by a private sector or by a individual extended within a building or a campus up to a few kilometers in size PC Ring (IBM Token Ring) Bus (EthernetTM)

19. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 19 Local Area Networks LANs often use a transmission technology consisting of a single cable to which all the machines are attached. LANs run at speeds of 10 to 1000 Mbps. LAN Topology can be A broadcast or point to point Various topologies are possible for broadcast LANs such as a bus (Ethernet TM ) and a ring (IBM Token Ring). Point to Point LAN is built using point-to-point lines. Individual lines connect a specific machine with another specific machine.

20. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 20 Metropolitan Area Networks Definition: A computer Network that extend within a city and owned by a Corporation or by Public Sector

21. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 21 Example: A Metropolitan Area Network Based on cable TV

22. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 22 Wide Area Network Definition: A connection of Computer hosts and LAN’s through the subnet that extend within a country (or continents ) and owned by Public Sector Examples : PSDN, X.25, Frame Relay Application - Long Distance data transport

23. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 23 Wide Area Networks WAN interconnects hosts and LANs through its subnet and routers

24. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 24 Wide Area Networks PSDN

25. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 25 Integrated Service digital Networks Definition : A telecommunication digital network that integrates many media, networks and applications ISDN

26. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 26 Internet Definition: A networks that extend world wide and connects all types of computer networks

27. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 27 Wide Area Networks Broadcast Multiservice Networks

28. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 28 Home Network Definition: A network used for Home Applications Devices: - Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared connected home peripherals - Entertainment Applications: - TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3 - Telecommunication Devices - telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax - Appliances - microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, air conditioners -Telemetry Applications -utility meter, burglar alarm

29. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 29 Wireless Networks Definition: A Computer Network that interconnect computers by wireless channel Examples of Wireless Networking: - System interconnection - Wireless LANs and PANs(Bluetooth) - Wireless WANs - Point to Point links

30. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 30 Example of Wireless Networks (a) Bluetooth configuration (b) Wireless LAN

31. Sami S.Al-Wakeel 31 Application Of Wireless Networks (a) Individual mobile computers (b) A flying LAN