1. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3701 CSCI-370/EENG-480 Computer Networks Khurram Kazi

2. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3702 Major sources of the slides for this lecture  Slides from Tanenbaum’s and William Stallings’ website are used in this lecture

3. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3703 Course Outline  This course provides an introduction to the fundamentals and the applications of data communications networks. Network architectures, topology, protocols, network services and models will be discussed. Some of the protocols the course will cover are:  Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) (Wide Area Network)  Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) (Wide Area Network)  Ethernet (10/100, Gigabit Ethernet) (LAN, Metro and Wide Area Networks)  MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) (Layer 2.5)  Protocols based on Internet Protocol (IP) (Layer 3 and above)  Switching and routing architectures will be presented (Hardware/Software implementation architectures)  Time permitting we will cover some aspects of Cellular Networking and Next Generation Network Architecture (NGN)  Services provided by various networks  Network Security  OPNET (a premier network simulator) will be used in simulating various aspects of networking concepts.

4. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3704 Grading Policy  Assignments, short quizzes and presentations on assigned papers (during the course of the semester) 30%  1 Midterm Test 30%  Final Project 40%  Final Projects will be in any topic of interest within the Data Networking field  There will be an Oral presentation of the project along with a written report  NYIT’s Academic Integrity policy will be strictly enforced. Any student found to be cheating (in the assignments, quizzes, Midterm etc.) will get a straight “F”

5. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3705 Do’s and Don’ts for the Final Project  DO NOT use any report / design from the net. I will know if you did!!  Properly referenced work that is not plagiarized is acceptable  Most of it should be your work!!  Select the topic that interests you. Be creative in it! Designing some aspect in software or hardware will be highly encouraged as opposed to doing an overview/report on some networking technology  By mid semester have a good idea of your project  Team of 2 students working on the same project is allowed.  Each team member’s task within the project should be explicitly defined.

6. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3706 Intended Results at the Culmination of the Course  You should have a good understanding of networking technologies  Should be able to architecturally design various components of the diverse networks  Design of a router/switching Network Element  Line Cards  Switch Fabrics  Protocol Handling  Ability to figure out which aspect is implemented in hardware and what is designed in the software

7. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3707 Books  Required Textbooks:  Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003, ISBN 0-13-066102-3  Recommended Textbooks:  1) The Internet and Its Protocols; A Comparative Approach, Adrian Farrel, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2004, ISBN 1-55860-913-X  2) Internetworking with TCP/IP Principles, Protocols, and Architectures, Douglas Comer, 4th Edition, Volume 1, Prentice Hall, 2000, ISBN 0-13-018380-6  3) Optical Networking Standards: A Comprehensive Guide for Professionals, edited by Khurram Kazi, Springer, 2006, ISBN 0-387-24062-4

8. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3708 Useful websites  Tanenbaum’s website at Prentice Hall  http://authors.phptr.com/tanenbaumcn4/ http://authors.phptr.com/tanenbaumcn4/  William Stalling’s (Another good text book on data and computer networks) Website  http://www.williamstallings.com/DCC/DCC8e.html http://www.williamstallings.com/DCC/DCC8e.html  Standards Organizations and Industry Forums  Internet Engineering Task Force  http://www.ietf.org/ http://www.ietf.org/  MetroEthernet Forum  http://metroethernetforum.org/page_loader.php?p_id=84&index=1 http://metroethernetforum.org/page_loader.php?p_id=84&index=1  International Telecommunication Union (ITU): The leading United Nations agency for information and communication technologies  http://www.itu.int/net/home/index.aspx http://www.itu.int/net/home/index.aspx  IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) LAN/MAN Standards Committee  http://www.ieee802.org/ http://www.ieee802.org/  OPNET (Network simulator that we will be using)  www.opnet.com

9. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 3709 ITU  Main sectors Radiocommunications Telecommunications Standardization Development  Classes of Members National governments Sector members Associate members Regulatory agencies

10. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37010 IETF  The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual. The IETF Mission Statement is documented in RFC 3935.(IETF)RFC 3935

11. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37011 IEEE 802 Standards The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The ones marked with  are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.

12. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37012 Implication of the Designs we work on; keep few things in mind!  During the design process we always make trade-offs  Trade-offs can be based on time to market, cost implications, complexity, environmental considerations etc.  Ethics: Keep in mind the implications of what you are designing, how it impacts the society!!  Privacy vs. Security is a big issue in networking  Network designs inherently deal with  Implementing of standardized solutions based on regional or global standards developed by industry forums or international standards organizations  Power consumption considerations: Making the Designs Green; Environmental friendly!!  Cost/performance trade-offs

13. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37013 Uses of Computer Networks Business Applications Home Applications Mobile Users Social Issues

14. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37014 Business Applications of Networks

15. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37015 Business Applications of Networks (2)  The client-server model involves requests and replies.

16. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37016 Home Network Applications  Access to remote information  Person-to-person communication  Interactive entertainment  Electronic commerce

17. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37017 Home Network Applications (2)  In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers.

18. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37018 Home Network Applications (3)  Some forms of e-commerce.

19. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37019 Types of Network  Metropolitan Area Networks  Local Area Networks  Wide Area Networks  Cellular Networks  Wireless Networks (could be Broadband Networks or LANs)  Home Networks  Internetworks

20. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37020 Network classification based on distances  Classification of interconnected processors by scale.

21. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37021 Fuzzy Networking Demarcation Points

22. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37022 A Communications Model

23. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37023 Communications Tasks Transmission system utilizationAddressing InterfacingRouting Signal generationRecovery SynchronizationMessage formatting Exchange managementSecurity Error detection and correctionNetwork management Flow control

24. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37024 Data Communications Model

25. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37025 Transmission Medium  Selection is a basic choice  internal use entirely up to business  long-distance links made by carrier  Rapid technology advances change mix  fiber optic  Copper Cable (still alive and widely used)  Wireless (microwaves, satellite, light waves, cellular etc.)  Transmission costs still high (but decreasing as time progresses)  Hence interest in efficiency improvements (never ending so to speak!)

26. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37026 Some of the Drivers for Innovative Networking Technologies  Growth of number & power of computers is driving need for interconnection  also seeing rapid integration of voice, data, image & video technologies  Voice over IP  IPTV  Traditional net connectivity for data transmissions

27. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37027 Types of Networks: Wide Area Networks  Span a large geographical area  Cross public rights of way  Rely in part on common carrier circuits  Technologies used include:  circuit switching  packet switching (IP or MPLS based)  Ethernet based transport  Legacy Technologies  frame relay  Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

28. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37028 Types of Networks: Wide Area Network

29. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37029  Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet. Types of Networks: Wide Area Network

30. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37030 Types of Networks: Wide Area Network  A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

31. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37031 Circuit Switching  Uses a dedicated communications path established for duration of conversation  Comprising a sequence of physical links with a dedicated logical channel  e.g. telephone network

32. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37032 Packet Switching  Data sent out of sequence over diverse paths  Small chunks (packets) of data at a time  Packets passed from node to node between source and destination  Used for terminal to computer and computer to computer communications

33. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37033 Types of Networks: Metro Area Network  MAN  Middle ground between LAN and WAN  Private or public network  High speed  Large area

34. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37034 Types of Networks: Metro Area Network

35. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37035 Types of Networks: Metro Area Network  A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.

36. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37036 Types of Networks: Local Area Networks  Smaller scope  Building or small campus  Usually owned by same organization as attached devices  Data rates much higher  Switched LANs, e.g. Ethernet  Wireless LANs

37. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37037 Types of Networks: Local Area Networks  Two broadcast networks  (a) Bus  (b) Ring

38. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37038 Types of Networks: Wireless Networks  Categories of wireless networks:  System interconnection  Wireless LANs  Wireless WANs

39. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37039 Types of Networks: Wireless Networks  (a) Bluetooth configuration  (b) Wireless LAN

40. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37040 Types of Networks: Wireless Networks  (a) Individual mobile computers  (b) A flying LAN

41. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37041 Types of Networks: Home Networking  Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals  Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3)  Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax)  Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco)  Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).

42. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37042 Home Networking: Digital Living Room  Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA)  http://www.dlna.org/en/industry/about

43. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37043 The Internet  Internet evolved from ARPANET  first operational packet network  applied to tactical radio & satellite nets also  had a need for interoperability  led to standardized TCP/IP protocols

44. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37044 Internet Elements SONET/OTH (MPLS based routing)

45. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37045 Internet Architecture

46. Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 37046 Example Configuration