1. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) CEE 320 Anne Goodchild

2. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Both oppose increasing the gas tax Obama Opposed gas tax holiday Invest in developing alternative energy rather than drilling offshore Federal government should take lead on national infrastructure development Invest in “smart growth” Infrastructure reinvestment bank $150 billion for clean energy over 10 years Modernize infrastructure – ASCE D rating, 3 trillion unmet needs McCain Supported gas tax holiday Exploit remaining US oil deposits Small federal role in transportation, strong input from state and local governments State’s should get back their investment in the highway trust fund $.3 billion for battery technology Modernize infrastructure

3. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Outline Need for traffic solutions Improving technology –Improved wireless networks –Low energy requirements –Improved management systems –Increased appetite for technology

4. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Road Use Growth From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2003

5. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Changes in Congested Peak-Period Travel

6. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Problems Caused by Congestion Increased… –Travel time –Travel cost –Air pollution –Accident risk –…..

7. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Highway Capacity Full Capacity How Much Capacity Is There?

8. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion. Highway Capacity Remaining Effective Capacity How Much Capacity Is There? Incidents can comprise 50% of peak period congestion. 1 min delay in clearance = 4 to 5 min of traffic backup.

9. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion. Highway Capacity Remaining Effective Capacity How Much Capacity Is There? Caltrans reports 20% of freeway centerline miles are under construction.

10. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion. Highway Capacity Remaining Effective Capacity How Much Capacity Is There? Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity 75% of NHS is subject to snow & 100% is subject to rain.

11. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion. Highway Capacity Remaining Effective Capacity How Much Capacity Is There? Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity Special events and disasters further restrict capacity Periodic events can cause further restrict capacity.

12. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion. Highway Capacity Remaining Effective Capacity How Much Capacity Is There? Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity Special events and disasters further restrict capacity

13. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Options Construct new roads –Covered in geometric design –Not likely to happen on a large scale Reduce Traffic –Travel demand management –Alternative transportation Increase existing infrastructure capacity –Often exploits the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) All of these are required, and there will (probably) still be congestion

14. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Construction Is Part of the Solution

15. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Option 1: Construction Highway Construction Cost Sampling ProjectTotal CostLane-Miles Cost per Lane-Mile Route 3, North Boston$395.0 million42$9.4 million I-4 Tampa to Orlando$403.0 million73$5.5 million I-5 Oregon $30.0 million5.16$5.8 million US 26 Sunset Hwy. Oregon$10.6 million2.24$4.8 million US 12 near Walla Walla River$36.4 million25$1.5 million US 101 on Olympic Peninsula$1.8 million0.8$2.2 million General Conclusion Highways cost $1 to $10 million per lane-mile to build

16. San Francisco’s Embarcadero Freeway: Removed 1991

17. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Option 2: Reduce Traffic or Spread Demand Make the trip using another mode –Extra capacity Don’t make the trip –Pricing –Controls Make the trip at a different time –Pricing –Controls

18. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Sounder Commuter Rail Tacoma-Seattle –Began 2000 –4 trips each way daily Everett-Seattle –Began 2003 –2 trips each way daily New Slide

19. CEE 320 Fall 2008 New Slide

20. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Seattle-Everett Interurban Railway Co. (1907) Asahel Curtis Photo Company Collection, University of Washington Digital Collection New Slide

21. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Sounder vs. Interurban SounderInterurban Tacoma service2000 – present1902 – 1928 Everett service2003 – present1910 – 1939 One-way trip time52 – 58 minutes70 – 100 minutes Daily departures from Seattle637 Number of stops930 Top speed80 mph60 mph One-way fare$3.00-$4.00$0.60 inflation adjusted: $12.00 Hauled freight?NoYes OwnerSound TransitPuget Sound Energy New Slide

22. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Option 2: Alternative Transport SkyTran: Personal MagLev Transporter

23. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity An alternative to expensive new highway construction is the implementation of strategies that promote more efficient utilization of transportation infrastructures. Simple: –More people per vehicle (carpool, bus) –Smaller vehicles (motorcycles) –Narrow lanes

24. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity More complex: –Vehicle automation –Variable speed limits –Variable use facilities –Traffic monitoring –Ramp meters Many rely on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aims to reduce travel time, ease delay and congestion, improve safety, and reduce pollutant emissions

25. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) –Managing incidents Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) –Giving users information about the system Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) –Simplifies regulations (with benefits) Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) –Reduce obstacles to use, give priority to vehicles Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) –Safer, more efficient driving

26. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Advanced Traffic Management Systems Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland

27. CEE 320 Fall 2008 WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

28. CEE 320 Fall 2008 WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

29. CEE 320 Fall 2008 WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

30. CEE 320 Fall 2008 ATMS: Snoqualmie Pass

31. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Advanced Traveler Information Systems

32. CEE 320 Fall 2008 ATIS: trafficgauge

33. http://www.trafficgauge.com/index.html

34. CEE 320 Fall 2008 WAP Traffic www.wiresoft.net/traffic/seattle

35. CEE 320 Fall 2008 ATIS: Traffic Cameras

36. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Commercial Vehicle Operations Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically Share of common trucking data across agencies Exchange information electronically with roadside enforcement personnel Electronic “screening” of trucks for safety or other regulatory violations Share information across state lines and with Federal information systems

37. CEE 320 Fall 2008 CVO: Weigh-In-Motion System

38. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Advanced Public Transportation Systems

39. CEE 320 Fall 2008 An Example of APTS http://busview.its.washington.edu/busview_launch.jsp?maps=gif

40. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Seattle Bus Monster http://www.busmonster.com

41. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Seattle Bus Monster

42. CEE 320 Fall 2008 APTS: Bus Signal Priority

43. CEE 320 Fall 2008 APTS: Smart Cards No need for change Interoperable with other transit agencies Transit agency can track passengers for better system design and cost control

44. CEE 320 Fall 2008 Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) System Lexus LS430/460, ES-350 Benz S-Class, E55, AMG, CLS, SL, CL Acura RL Audi A6, A8, Q7 Cadillac DTS, STS, XLR Honda Legend Infinity M, Q45 Jaguar XK-R BMW 3, 5, 7 Series Nisan Primera Range Rover Sport Toyota Sienna XLE, Avalon Volkswagon Phaeton, Passat Renault Vel Satis Volvo S80 New Slide

45. CEE 320 Fall 2008 VW and Google Earth

46. CEE 320 Fall 2008

47. Windows Live Local Street Level