1. Fisheries & Aquaculture
Steven Andrews

2. Overview Fisheries are major source of protein
>15% of animal protein
Capture fisheries have peaked
~90 million tons per year.
Aquaculture sector growing
> 50 million tons per year (production)
> 60 billion USD (value)
Asia dominates production
>90% (by weight) and > 80% of (by value)
Trade at record levels
> 55.2 Billion USD in 2000
> 80% of imports by Developed Countries
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 /

3. Production and Use Statistics
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 FAO

4. Aquaculture has a 4,000 year long history
Aquaculture Intro
Aquaculture has a 4,000 year long history
262 different species of fish, crustacean, and mollusk produced
Variety of cultured species is increasing.
Freshwater finfish dominates production by volume
Chinese and Indian carp species (>50%)
Mollusks (~25%) and aquatic plants (~20%)
Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository online:

5. -Tiger Prawns alone had a production value of US$3.5 billion (1997)
Shrimp and Salmon
Crustaceans including shrimp are low volume, high value, and high environmental impact species
-Tiger Prawns alone had a production value of US$3.5 billion (1997)
Carnivorous species including shrimp and Salmon results in an increase in the use of fish feeds and oils in the farming process
Shift from extensive to intensive methods
Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository

6. Trade in Fish and Fishery Products
Shrimp and prawns, salmon, and mollusks most important species
tilapia and sea bass seeing strong growth
Shrimp is considered a luxury product
Largest importers are Japan, the United States, and Europe
Thailand, Ecuador, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Bangladesh, and Vietnam are largest exporters
Growth in trade means more processing
~60% fisheries production was processed.
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002

7. Environmental Impacts
Global fish stocks at historically low levels
Aquaculture often has severe environmental impacts.
Shrimp and farmed salmon are two species listed for the negative impacts by the Audubon Society and the World Conservation Society
Source: World Conservation Society

8. Environmental Impacts Overview
Extensive vs. Semi-Intensive vs. Intensive
Salmon Aquaculture
Waste and Nutrient Loading
Increased pressure on Wild Fisheries
Interactions Between Wild and Farmed Fish
Vectors of Disease
Shrimp Aquaculture
Destruction of Coastal Habitats
Capture of Larvae and Brood Stock from Wild
Over reliance on Fish Meals and Fish Oil in Feeds
Pollution from Effluents
1 kg of salmon can be produced with as little as .9 to 1.1 kg of feed and only .27 to 1.1 kg of waste
Source: Clay (2004) World Agriculture and the Environment