2. Technology of Engineering Food

3. The common between... flounder tomato Tomato has an engineered gene from the flounder  Antifreezing gene

4. Survey - What is biotechnology? - What is DNA? - What kind of mechanisms do exist? - What is the best method?

5. Biotechnology - What is Biotechnology? - What is DNA? - What kind of mechanisms do exist? - What is the best method?

6. DNA Shortening of: deoxiribonucleic acid -Segments of DNA are called genes -Four bases (Guanin, Cytosin, Adenin, Thymin) -Bases are connect with sugar and phosphat  Double-helix-structure (like a spiral staircase) - What is Biotechnology? - What is DNA? - What kind of mechanisms do exist? - What is the best method?

7. Mechanisms - What is Biotechnology? - What is DNA? - What kind of mechanisms do exist? - What is the best method? BiologicallyMechanically Vector: Bacterium Vector: Virus Injection Biolistic Protoplast Transformation

8. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

10. Virus

11. Protoplast Transformation - Taking a cell from an organism - Dissolving of the cellwall by enzymes  Protoplast is left over - Adding the new DNA - Cellwall has to recover in a growth media

12. Injection Injecting new DNA with a needle into the nucleus of a cell.

13. Biolistic 1.Small beads coated with DNA are load in a gene gun. 2.Shooting the ball into the cell nucleus 3.It cuts the DNA section of the cell and „glues“ the desired DNA into it.

14. Marker Genes To find out if the transformation has been succesfull scientists intodruce a marker gene to the host.  Cells which have been transformed will grow in a media while the other cells will die.

15. Best Method - What is Biotechnology? - What is DNA? - What kind of mechanisms do exist? - What is the best method? MethodProsCons Vector: Bacteria, Virus Natural processParts from the bacteria or virus DNA are insert too Protoplast transformation Only the desiered DNA is transferred Cellwalls have been damaged InjectionOnly the desiered DNA is transferred Maybe damaging the cellwall with the needle; High rate of failure BiolisticNothing specialForeign things like titanium or gold are also insert

16. Isn´t it fantastic what the scientists can do with their technology?

17. But what will the future bring? Do scientists know their limits?