1. Dr Maurice Mullard Lectures3 and 4

2.  DEMOCRACY IS BOTH AN IS AND AN OUGHT STATEMENT  DEMOCRACY AN INTERACTION BETWEEN IDEALS AND REALITY  HOPES AND PRAGMATISM – THE ART OF THE POSSIBLE  DISILLUSIONMENTS WITH DEMOCRACY  UK PROPROSALS ON REFORM  MEANING OF AV

3.  Optimism and Promise of Politics  Human rights  Accountability  Political parties  Politics as dialogue as opposed to violence  Afghanistan and Iraq lessons  Importance of tribe and localty  Military rule in Nigeria politics as corrupt  China communist and capitalist

4.  PLURALISM - IMPACT OF - ORGANISED INTERESTS AND UNEQUAL ACCESS  POLITICAL ARITHMETIC - SHORT TERM EXPEDIENCY THE TYRANNY OF ELECTORAL MAJORITIES  SURVIVAL OF OLIGARCHY LEADERS AND ELITES

5.  INVISIBLE POWER - THE RULE BY NOBODY  PASSIVE CITIZEN - CONSUMER SOCIETY  LIMITED SPACES FOR DEMOCRACY - LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BUREAUCRACY, PROFESSIONALS

6.  How do we read the history of democracy  Born of struggles – hopes and optimism  To challenge elite power  That politics does matter  Coalition Government in the UK  National Government 1931 and 1937  Churchill 1940

7.  OLIGARCHY – ELITES  GLOBAL BUSINESS ELITES – DISTORT DEMOCRACY FINANCE FOR POLITICAL PARTIES  BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT  INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION IN THE POLICY PROCESS  FINANCING TEA PARTY MOVEMENT IN THE USA 2010

8.  FROM PUBLIC TO CITIZENS AS CONSUMERS  POLITICS AND THE MEDIA  THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGY  ANTI POLITICS

9.  Political vacuum the emergence of new social movements  New technologies blogging – the internet  The sound bite politics  Surveillance and the State

10.  Passivity and legitimacy  New Elites and income inequalities  Politics represent views  End of collectivism and class struggles

11.  SITE - GUARANTEES DIVERSITY AND PLURALITY  AN ON-GOING PROJECT -  REDUCE ARBITRARY DECISIONS  PUTS LIMITS ON POWER - CHECKS AND BALANCES  RECOGNISE DIFFERENCE AND OPPOSITION

12.  IT IS NEVER THE END OF HISTORY- THE IDEA OF THE MULTITUDE  RELEARNING HISTORIES  PROCESS NOT CAUSE AND EFFECT  NEED TO STAY THE COURSE