1. Ottoman Empire, ca A.D. 1700 Imperial History of the Middle East: 5000 Years of History in 90 seconds

2. http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1095/Turkey.html#title

3. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4305656.stm

14. http://www.duluthsuperior.com/mld/duluthsuperior/news/nation/12812653.htm DuluthNewsTribune.com

15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4307700.stm

17. http://www.duluthsuperior.com/mld/duluthsuperior/12809396.htm DuluthNewsTribune.com

19. Four Generic Types of Cultures 2.Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures Ch. 02 The Thai Kingdom Ch. 03 The Japanese Garden Ch. 04 India: The Dance of Shiva Ch. 05 Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia Ch. 06 The Turkish Coffeehouse Ch. 07 The Brazilian Samba Ch. 08 The Polish Village Church Ch. 09 Kimchi and Korea

20. Fig. 1.2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15) POWER DISTANCE INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM Low (horizontal) High (vertical) Equality Matching (interval) Community Sharing (nominal) Market Pricing (ratio) Authority Ranking (ordinal)

21. Four Generic Types of Cultures 2.Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures authority ranking found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America involves a psychological relationship between the leader or leaders and all others in the culture

22. Four Generic Types of Cultures 2.Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures frequently, such a culture is symbolized not by the handshake, which reflects equality, but by different forms of bowing

23. Four Generic Types of Cultures 2.Vertical Collectivism / Authority Ranking Cultures there is a dynamic, two-way relationship between subordinates and leaders in authority ranking cultures although the leaders receive more rewards, they are responsible for safeguarding the livelihoods of subordinates

25. Cultural Metaphors Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture Other “units of analysis” may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo)Paul Buffalo the family (e.g., Strodtbeck) the community a region a culture

26. Culture Counts and it counts quit a bit

27. Geert Hofstede (1991) IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s 53 countries (p. 5)