1. 3-19-20041 Harnessing IT to Green Buildings - UCB as a Living Laboratory David E. Culler UCB/IBM Meeting March 19. 2009 M M odel M M itigate M M onitor

2. 3-19-2004 2 What they say about buldings Source: U.S. Department of Energy 2007 Building Energy Data Book. Sept 2007 The Numbers Tell the Story $370 Billion Total U.S. Annual Energy Costs 200% Increase in U.S. Electricity Consumption Since 1990 40% Total U.S. Energy Consumption for Buildings 72% Total U.S. Electricity Consumption for Buildings 55% Total U.S. Natural Gas Consumption for Buildings The Numbers Tell the Story $370 Billion Total U.S. Annual Energy Costs 200% Increase in U.S. Electricity Consumption Since 1990 40% Total U.S. Energy Consumption for Buildings 72% Total U.S. Electricity Consumption for Buildings 55% Total U.S. Natural Gas Consumption for Buildings

3. 3-19-2004 3 Buildings Matter! Buildings construction/renovation contributed 9.5% to US GDP and employs approximately 8 million people. Buildings’ utility bills totaled $370 Billion in 2005. Buildings use 72 % of the electricity and 55 % of the nation’s natural gas. Source: Buildings Energy Data Book 2007

4. 3-19-2004 4 EPA Nat Action Plan for Energy Efficiency 30% of energy consumed in buildings is wasted 66% electrical, 34% gas and other 15.5 kWh per square foot * 2003 EIA Commercial Building Consumption Survey

5. 3-19-2004 5 UCB today Consumes 210 M kwh annually [campus sustainability assessment] Buildings measured @ 130 M kwh annually [demandless] –approx $13 M Top 15 buildings are 2-4 time national average khw/sq ft and constitute 58% of the 130 M IT is a big part of the problem IT can potentially be a big part of the solution –We need to gain most of the reduction by utilizing existing facilities better –“Physical” Information processing to identify where the energy goes, what to change and how. –Big gains come from changing Operation Processes –IT is key to providing the energy awareness to guide action

6. 3-19-2004 6 Building Energy and Power Density Stanley Koshland Soda Cory LSA McCone

7. 3-19-2004 7 One example: Soda Hall Huge baseline load! 1300 SCADA sense/control points inaccessible for analysis –No clear understanding of what knobs to turn or when Servers / Clusters HVAC / CRU / PDU support Lighting HVAC & Plug Loads 443 ~1200

8. 3-19-2004 8 Structural: Soda Electrical 12 KV dist. 2x Substation 1200 A 277/480 3 phase 2500 A 120/208 3 phase 2x Chiller MCM1 HP1A 400 HP1A 400 HP2A 600 HP3A 400 HP4A 400 HP5A 400 HP6A 100 HP7A 400 MCM2 Lighting Pumps Fans Machine Rooms Offices Classrooms LP2E 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP1A 400 LP2A 800 HP3A 400 HP4A 400 HP5A 400 HP6A 100 HP7A 400 LP1B 400 LP2B 225 LP2G 225 LP2F 225 LP2E 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP3B 225 LP2E 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP4B 225 LP2E 225 LP2C 225 LP5B 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP2B 225 LP2D 225 LP2C 225 LP2B 225 LP2K 225 LP2J 225 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2F 225 LP2K 225 LP2J 225 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2F 225 LP2J 225 LP2I 225 LP2H 225 LP2G 225 LP2F 225 ~42 circuits each

9. 3-19-2004 9 Structural: Soda HVAC Blow cold air throughout building Maintain circulation Adjust cooling with vents and VFDs Heat it where needed AC determined by needs of the worst heat load –Comm closet 2x chillers Cooling Towers 287288290 340 420 530 Pumps Fans Machine Room ACCs

10. 3-19-2004 10 Legacy MonitoringL SCADA 1300 sense / ctrl points in Soda Hall Vast database of action / effect Marooned !!! No science to turning all the knobs

11. 3-19-2004 11 Research Server Rooms - 443 Machines Ganglia

12. 3-19-2004 12 Server Power Consumption x 1/PDU efficiency + ACC If P idle = 0 we’d save ~125 kw x 24 hours x 365 … … Do Nothing Well

13. 3-19-2004 13 Working up from the leaves …

14. 3-19-2004 14 Guess this Load … Laptop + monitor Windows “turns off” monitor Monitor “unplugged” screensaver

15. 3-19-2004 15 Composite Power Picture Monitor On, Unplugged Desktop Idle inauguration Projector left On Clean Shutdown

16. 3-19-2004 16 Staged Energy Awareness Export existing facilities instrumentation into real-time feed and archival physical information base –Retain isolation of facilities control Augment with Extensive usage-focused sensing Create highly visible consumer feedback and remediation guidance –Think Pruis, not web page. Localized solutions. Develop whole-building dynamic models Mitigation Actions with PFS

17. 3-19-2004 17 Cooperative Continuous Reduction Automated Control Facility Mgmt User Demand Supervisory Control Community Feedback High-fidelity visibility