1. Grammar & vocabulary

2. 1 、 He left for South American that summer, never ________. returned B. returning C. would return D. to return D 本句用不定式结构表达，这里用 “only/never to V” 的简单句式来表达结果。 例如： He worked very hard, only to fail again. 他努力了，结果还是失败。其他几种 形式都没有表达结果的含义，排除。

3. 2 、 A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out C 新技术已经发明出来了，不是将要发明出来，这 里使用分词结构，故 D 项错误。由于动词 work out 和 technique 是逻辑动宾关系，故此处只能使用过 去分词的独立结构，即 A new technique worked out ，或者使用被动语态的现在分词结构，即 A new technique having worked out, 故 C 为答案。

4. 3 、 We still had great fun while watching some good-looking birds _______ “wild strangers”. A. called B. calls C. calling D. call A 本句中 _______ “wild strangers” 是 birds 的后置定语，因为 wild strangers 是人这样 叫的。因此与 birds 是被动关系，故用过去 分词 called 表被动。 calling 表主动，排除。 而 calls 和 call 这里是谓语动词，不符合非谓 语动词的语法要求。

5. 4 、 She came _________ as soon as she saw me. A. having cried B. to be crying C. crying D. to have been crying C 英语中用现在分词表示表示日常生活中的 动作如 “stand, sit, lie” 等同时伴随的动作， 例如 ”lie reading” 而表示 ”come, go ” 等同 时伴随的动作，也用类似表达，例如 ”come running( 跑着来 ) go flying （飞过去） ” 等。 本句就是此种表达。

6. 5 、 The problem ________ pollution requires the immediate attention by government leaders as well as scientists and environments. A. resulting from B. resulted from C. resulting by D. resulted in A result in 表示 “ 导致 …….”;result from 表示 “ 由 ……. 导致 ” ；这里用过去分词作后置定语修 饰 problem ，两个短语的正确形式分别为： resulted in by 和 resulting from ， A 为答案。

7. 6 、 He stared at me as if_______ me for the first time. A. to see B seeing C. to have seen D. being seen B 居中 as if 引导的是方式状语，首先能够确 定是 “ 他看见我 ” 是主动形式，排除 D 。而不定 式和现在分词的一个重要的区别就是前者表 示将来，后者表示说话当时的情况故选 B 。

8. 7 、 Don’t get your schedule ________; stay with us in this class. A. to change B. changing C. changed D. changed DGet 后接复合宾语时，宾语补足语既可以用 分词来充当，也可由动词不定式，但含义不 同。当现在分词作宾语时，表示该动作持续 进行；过去分词作宾语时，表示动作被完成； 当动词不定式作宾补时，该不定式必须带 to 。 而且当物作宾语时，作宾补的动词不定式需 用被动语态。这里 schedule 和 change 之间是 被动关系。

9. 8 、 Students _________ in the examination shall be punished. A. caught cheating B. caught being cheated C. caught to cheat D. caught cheated A 被抓用过去分词 caught ，而 cheat 是不及物 动词，用现代分词表主动。

10. 9 、 I quite understand _________ to discuss the matter before so many people. A. you not want B. you to not want C. not your wanting D. your not wanting D 此处用动名词的复合结构，物主代词是逻 辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。表否 定时 not 置于动名词前。

11. 10 、 Jason ________ up a textile mill near the upper reaches. A. objected to set B. objected setting C. opposed to set D. objected to setting D 固定搭配 object to doing sth

12. 11.---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案： D. why not 后面接不带 to 的不定 式，因此选 D 。

13. 12. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案： B. make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式， 当其用于被动时， to 不可省略。

14. 13.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案： A 。 warn sb. to do sth. 的否定形式 为 warn sb. not to do sth. 此处用的是否定 词 never.

15. 14. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ， but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答案： A 。 not to 为 not to do it 的省略形式。 可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个不定式 词组。及物动词 do 后应有宾语，因此也 B ， D 不对。

16. 15.The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案 D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分 词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which was written

17. 16.What's the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 答案 B. 主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被 动的含义。 spoken ，在句中作定语，修饰 主语 language, spoken 与 language 有 被动关系。

18. 17._______, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 答案 C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表 主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已 经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者， 是被动的，因而选 C 。它相当于一个状语从 句 When it is heated ， …

19. 18.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案： B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后 应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时， 常位于 " 形容词 + 动词不定式 " 结构的末尾。

20. 19._____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 答案 B. Napoleon 与 follow 之间有被动的含 义。 being followed 除表达被动之外，还有 动作正在进行 之意。 followed by （被 … 跟 随）。

21. 20.Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案： C. 一般没有 consider+ 宾语 +be 以外 不定式的结构，也没有 consider+ 宾语 +doing 的结构，排除 A 、 B 、 D 。 consider 用 动词 be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求 用不定式的完成式，故选 C 。

22. 21. In the course of a day, students do far more than just ______classes. A attend B to attend C attended D attending 选 A than 引导状语从句，从句结构应和主 句结构相同,do more than 后常接不带 to 的 不定式。

23. 22.I’d rather read than watch TV ;the programs seem ____all the time. A to get worse B to be getting worse C to have got worse D getting worse 选 B seem 后跟带 to 的不定式； all the time 表示一直，要用进行时。

24. 23. They are considering ____before the princes go up. A of buying the house B buying the house C with buying the house D to buy the house 选 B consider + noun/ v+ing

25. 24.What’s the use ___? A to try B trying C having tried D you trying 选 B 句型 It is no use doing sth.

26. 25.I don’t like you ____ late for work. A to be always coming B to always come C be always come D to be come always 选 A always + v-ing 表示强烈的感情，在此 表厌恶。

27. 26.Traffic accidents show a tendency _____ in number. A to grow B to have grown C to be grown D grow 选 A tendency to do sth grow 作不及物动 词，不能用被动

28. 27.I don’t require ___ of my faults a thousand times. A to be reminded B to be reminding C being reminded D having been reminded 选 A require 后可接不定式和动名词形式， 当 require 之后要用被动语态时，如用不定 式，要用被动形态；如用动名词则只需主 动语态。

29. 28. I woke up in the night and found we had water ____ through the ceiling. A drip B dripping C being dripped D dripped 选 B drip 是不及物动词，没有被动态，只能 用 dripping

30. 29. Pure hydrogen burns because it combines very easily with free oxygen,water ____by the reaction. A having been formed B being formed C to be formed D is formed 选 B water 是产生于 reaction 因此用被动 ， 同时这个阶段是伴随主句产生的，所以用 动名词形式表示伴随。

31. 30._____,we may perhaps look forward to better weather. A Spring having now come B Spring has come now C Spring is now coming D The spring being come 选 A 因为句子的下半句是明确的主句，所 以空白部分一定不可能是独立的句子，而 是句子的原因状语，所以选 A 。

32. 31. The doctor recommends me ____on a strict diet. A. to go B. going C. I should go D. go A. recommend 可跟两种动词非限定形式， 其结构分别为 recommend sb. to do sth. 和 recommend doing sth. 具有类似用法的还有 allow, permit, forbid, advise, encourage 等动 词。

33. 32. Weather____, we’ll go for an outing. A. being permittedB. permitted 、 C. permittingD. permits C. weather permitting 是一个独立主格结构。

34. 33. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman____ the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. receivingB. receivedC. who receivesD. to receive D. 名词词组 the first + noun 的后置定语不使 用 -ing 分词，而必须使用不定式。

35. 34. ____, he can now only watch TV at home. A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D Not obtained a ticket for the match C. –ing 分词的否定形式 not 必须置于前面； -ing 的完成时形式表示动作先后次序。

36. 35. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel____. A. to stayB. is to stay C. to stay atD. is for staying C. 不定式分句前面可直接加 wh- 词； stay 是 一个不及物动词，须加介词 at.

37. 36. John regretted ______ to the meeting last week. A. not going B. not to go C. not having been going D. not to be going A. regret doing sth. 表示后悔 / 遗憾已经做 过的事； –ing 分词的否定形式 not 必须置于 前面

38. 37. Professor Johnson is said____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make C. is said to do sth. ；用不定式的完成时表 示过去意义

39. 38. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ____ by the police each time. A. had been capturedB. being always captured C. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured C. 句子中的不定式作结果状语, only to 通 常表示不良结果。

40. 39. The project, _____by the end of 200S ， will expand the city‘s telephone network to cover 1 ， 000 ， 000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished C. to do 可表示将来； by the end of 200S,& will, 表明为将来时。

41. 40. Paul was lying on the lawn, his hands____ under his head. A. were crossingB. were crossed C. crossingD. crossed D. 后半句是一个由 -ed 构成的独立主格结构。