1. SPANGLISH An Example of Bilingualism Hablo un mix de los dos languagés

2. A short Spanglish conversation: Anita: "Hola, good morning, como estás?" Anita: "Hola, good morning, como estás?" Mark: "Good, y tú?" Mark: "Good, y tú?" Anita: "Todo bien. Pero tuve problemas parqueando mi carro this morning." Anita: "Todo bien. Pero tuve problemas parqueando mi carro this morning." Mark: "Sí, I know. Siempre hay problemas parqueando in la area at this time". Mark: "Sí, I know. Siempre hay problemas parqueando in la area at this time". Spanglish

3. What’s going on… Code-switchingCode-switching - moving from one language to another in normal conversation (it is very important to honor you abuelitas (grandparents)" BorrowingBorrowing - the adaptation of an English word into a Spanish form ("Quiero parquear el coche") Direct translationDirect translation - translation of an expression directly into Spanish using English syntax ("Te llamo para atrás" for "I’ll call you back") Phonetic translationPhonetic translation - the children’s cold remedy 'Vick’s VaporRub' affectionately becomes "bibaporú"

4. Where…. Varieties Varieties – Tex-mex (or Chicano): – Tex-mex (or Chicano): Mexican-based in Texas – Cubonics: – Cubonics: Cuban-based in Florida – Newyorican: – Newyorican: Puerto Rico- based in New York

5. A sampling of Spanglish A Selection of Spanglishaeróbica (ay-RO-bi-ka) -- dynamic female. averaje (a-ve-RAH-je) -- average. boila (BOY-lah) -- heating appliance, boiler. carpeta (kar-PE-tah) -- carpet. chopin (TCHO-peen) -- 1.Shopping center mall. 2. n., going shopping. deiof (dey-OF) -- day off. frizer (FREE-zer) -- refrigerator. grocear (gro-SEAR) -- to acquire groceries. jonrón (khon-RON) -- home run. lonche (LONCHE) -- 1. midday meal. 2. food served to guests at event. marqueta (mar-ke-tah) -- supermarket. pari (PA-ree) -- a party. ruki (ROOH-kee) -- novice. From Spanglish: The Making of a New American Language (Rayo, an imprint of HarperCollins)

6. Spanishization – Phonological adaptation Final C dropping Final C dropping – Fast food  fas foo [fas fu] C softening C softening – [p h en]  [pen] – [kuba]  [kubHa] Final nasal substitution Final nasal substitution ([m]  [n]) – Steam [stim]  [estin] Initial schwa insertion Initial schwa insertion in [s]C – Speak  espeak (Complete) labialization (Complete) labialization of [v] – Venezuela  [benezuela] Defricativization Defricativization of [š] – Shopping  chopping WHY???

7. Spanishization – Morphological adaptation Spanish Verbalizer in English verbs Spanish Verbalizer in English verbs – Hang out  hangear (-ar & -ear are Spanish verbalizers) – Lunch  lonchar Spanish nominalizers in English verbs Spanish nominalizers in English verbs – Leak  likeo (or liqueo) –eo/-ero:Spanish nominalizers – Park  parkeo – Holdup(pers)  joldoperos Spanish inflection for English words Spanish inflection for English words – Latin(girl or boy)  Latina/Latino (-a/-o mark gender) (It could also be considered a pure borrowing)

8. Englishization – Is also possible embarkated ‘ embarkated ’ embarcar (a Spanish word ‘embarcar’ or ‘let someone down’, is inflected with English morphology)

9. Reasons for this type of bilingualism Cultural identity Cultural identity Naturalness Naturalness Language gaps Language gaps – English is concise and efficient – Spanish has sabrosura, flavor – Spanish has sabrosura, flavor (Clark, p. 486) Informality (humor & creativity) Informality (humor & creativity) Social status Social status

10. Assimilation or Acculturation? Silvana Paternostro Silvana Paternostro: Let’s take that argument a little bit further. If they don’t learn [English], they also will not follow the rules of what being an American means? Ilan Stavans* Ilan Stavans*: Right. English is the great equalizer. Through language comes education, through language comes political participation, language becomes the way of being and of dreaming, and all that, and then the “I love you, America.” And that is not happening. * author of Spanglish: The Making of A New American Language

11. Accommodating Acculturation Acculturation – cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture; also : a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact Not Assimilation Not Assimilation – to absorb into the culture or mores of a population or group