1. Computer-Mediated Communication / Computercommunicatie A Master IK, CIW, MMI L.M. Bosveld-de Smet Hoorcollege 1; ma. 4 sept. 2006; 16.00-18.00

2. Two new areas of study Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) Definitions Application areas Relations

3. Human Computer Interaction: definitions A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them (ACM SIGCHI, 2002) The study of the relationships which exist between human users and the computer systems they use in the performance of their various tasks (Faulkner, 1998)

4. Human Computer Interaction: definitions The study and practice of usability (Carroll, 2001) A science and an art: scientific foundation of HCI vs. HCI applications: usability engineering (Shneiderman, 2002) There is no such thing as HCI; there is only HHI (Hatton)

5. HCI: years 60/70 HCI Software engineering Computer graphics Cognitive science Software psychology

6. HCI: years 90 and later HCI User interface software and tools Media and information Usability engineering Groupware and cooperative activity

7. HCI concerns “Will computers ever become easy to use?” Jef Raskin in Communications of the ACM, 1997 “Credit for computer crashes?” Ben Shneiderman in ACM Ubiquity, 2000 “Every time your machine crashes, you should get a dollar from the supplier, and every time you get a dialog box you don’t understand, you should get a nickel.”

8. CMC: definitions A relatively new but rapidly growing form of interaction (Lee & Nass, 2002) The process by which people create, exchange, and perceive information using computer systems that facilitate encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages (December, 2003) The communication that takes place between people via the computer (Herring, 1996)

9. CMC: at its broadest, at its smallest At its broadest CMC can encompass virtually all computer uses (Santoro, 1995) In general, the term CMC refers to both task- related and interpersonal communication conducted by computer. This includes communication both to and through a personal or mainframe computer.(Ferris, 1997)

10. CMC: application areas Computer conferencing Electronic mail News groups Listservs Discussion forums Internet Relay Chat Computer-assisted instruction

11. CMC: promises? Communication Social interaction Exchange of information Opportunities and limitations.

12. CMC: benefits over F2F meetings (Sproull & Kiesler, 1986) Equal participation Greater diversity in brainstorming

13. CMC: reduced social cues Due to often only text-based interaction Consequence: deregulated interpersonal behavior:  Flaming  Detachment  Decision aversion

14. CMC: Media Richness Theory Media have different abilities to reduce ambiguity and uncertainty. People will most likely choose the medium that reduces these elements the most.

15. CMC: ambiguity/uncertainty scale Low ambiguity/uncertainty High ambiguity/uncertainty Face to face Video conferencing Telephone Instant messaging Letter E-mail

16. What do you do when? Write a letter Send an e-mail message Send a SMS message Use the phone

17. HCI and CMC: differences HCI: victim – controller interaction CMC: victim – victim interaction Social interpersonal interaction Neutral task-related interaction

18. CMC: specific topics Interaction and interaction styles User interface design Usability evaluation methods Groupware Visual communication: Information visualization; Diagrams and diagrammatic reasoning

19. Goals of the course Get acquainted with some interesting topics in HCI and CMC Get more insight into the problem of usability in various contexts. How to achieve a system that qualifies as:  Useful  Usable  Used Critical thinking about approaches and propositions provided in the literature

20. CMC: het vak praktisch gezien 15 weken: 1-7 en 9-15 10 ECTS (280 uur) (18,67 uur p.w.) Hoor/werkcollege: 2 uur p.w. (toelichting bij, discussie n.a.v. literatuur) Practicum: 2 uur p.w. ((programmeer)opdrachten (VB)) Toetsing: referaat/opdrachten (1/2) + eindtentamen (1/2) Literatuur: hoofdstukken uit diverse boeken, artikelen, reader