1. Ethics in Research

2. Historical Context l Past –German Experimentation –Tuskegee Syphilis Study l Present –Cancer Research –AIDS (AZT) Research

3. Historical Context l Ethical system designed to prevent people from being used as scientific guinea pigs l Contemporary emphasis on the ‘rights’ of people to take risks to save themselves

4. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation

5. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation l Informed Consent

6. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation l Informed Consent l Risk of Harm

7. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation l Informed Consent l Risk of Harm l Anonymity

8. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation l Informed Consent l Risk of Harm l Anonymity l Confidentiality

9. Ethical Issues l Voluntary Participation l Informed Consent l Risk of Harm l Anonymity l Confidentiality l Right to Services

10. Institutional Review Boards l mechanism for reviewing proposed research l mechanism for protecting the institution and researcher l submitting an IRB Proposal

25. Keep all data and records from your research investigations for at least 5 years. It’s a good idea, depending on the investigation and the nature of the data, to keep them forever. Any party with a legitimate interest has a right to inspect your original data and data analyses (subject to participant confidentiality controls): journal editors/reviewers; professional review boards; other research colleagues