1. The President Domestic policy leader?

2. How does the president get the policies he wants? Designing a program Working with Congress Implementation in the Executive branch

3. Power to suggest “He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient” (Art. II: Sect. 3).

4. Designing a program Campaign promises Policy experts & staff The bully pulpit

5. Power to veto “Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States: If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law.” (Art. I: Sect. 7)

6. What affects the president’s ability to get Congress to do what he wants?

7. What affects Congress’ willingness to work with the president? Party! Unified government: The presidency and Congress are controlled by the same party Divided government: The presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties

8. Average percent of House Democrats who vote with the president

9. Average percent of House Republicans who vote with the president

10. What affects Congress’ willingness to work with the president? Party Public opinion Personal and strategic skill

11. Leadership of the Executive Branch Appointment power: “He shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law” (II: 2).

12. Leadership of the executive branch Appointment of department heads –Subject to “Cabinet Capture” Expand number of political appointees

13. Leadership of the executive branch Appointment of department heads Expand number of political appointees Control budgeting Control content of regulations Executive Orders