1. Nutrient Management Planning Alan Sutton Department of Animal Sciences

2. 1998 EPA Section 303(d) List Top 15 Causes of Water Quality Impairment

3. Nutrient Management: What is it? Managing the amount, source, placement, form and timing of application of nutrients and soil amendments –Budget and supply nutrients for crop production –Properly utilize commercial fertilizers, animal manures and other materials as crop nutrient resources and soil amendments –Minimize nutrient losses from fields to protect surface and ground water resources

4. Nutrient Management Plan Components (CNMPs) Site, field and soil maps –Identify sensitive areas Crop rotation Crop nutrient budget –Realistic yield goals Records are best –Appropriate fertilizer recommendations Land grant universities Quantification of all nutrient resources –Commercial fertilizers –Manures Planned nutrient applications –Time, rate and method Implementation, operation and regular maintenance plan Regular reviews

5. Problem Areas Over application of manure Excessive nutrients in rations Variable nutrient contents of manure Insufficient storage capacity Applications -- not uniform Applications -- Do you know how much is applied? Conflicting regulations

6. Problem Areas Different soil testing methods Use of the Phosphorus Index Use of other soils evaluation procedures Nutrient availability (mineralization) rates Pathogen concerns???

7. “Whole Farm” Nutrient Balances for Livestock and Poultry Operations

8. Whole Farm Nutrient Balance on Livestock and Poultry Operations Balance the input nutrients from feed, fertilizer, recycled manure and other sources with animal and plant nutrient needs for efficient crop, meat, egg and milk production

9. Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Farm Boundary Nutrient Imbalance (inputs - managed outputs) Inputs Feed Animals Irrigation Water Fertilizer Legume N Managed Outputs - Meat - Crops -Manure Gas Emissions Crops Manure

10. Correcting Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Reduce feed nutrient imports Reduce fertilizer imports Export manure from farm Treat manure to reduce nutrients

11. Nutrient ratios in manure generally do not meet crop nutrient requirements.

12. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Example Pork Operation –4,000 head grow-finisher –2.6 turns per year –120 day feeding period –Requirement based diet (based on ASABE 384.2; NRC, 1998) Average CP = 15.8% Average P = 0.437% Average feed intake = 2.35 kg/d (5.18 lb/d) Average daily gain = 0.84 kg/d (1.85 lb/d)

13. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Scenarios –Compare diets with combinations of different crude protein levels (15.77%; 13.1%; 11.6%) and total P levels (.437%;.369%;.30%) –Assumed a 30% N loss during storage in a slurry system –Assumed that the availability of N in the slurry at 80% for the crop at the time of application

14. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements Reducing the crude protein of the diet: –15.8% to 13.1% reduced N excretion 25% –15.8% to 11.6% reduced N excretion 40% (assume use of synthetic amino acids) Reducing the total P of the diet: –0.437% to 0.369% reduced P excretion 25% –0.437% to 0.30% reduced P excretion 50% (assume use of phytase and low phytate corn) Increasing total P 20% over requirement increases P excretion 24.4%

15. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements (as applied) DietAvail. Nutr. AppliedRatio CP, %P, %N, lb/yrP 2 O 5, lb/yrN:P 2 O 5 15.80.43760,78037,9221.6:1(1.2:1) 15.80.36960,78028,3592.1:1(1.6:1) 15.80.30060,78018,6543.3:1(2.2:1) 13.10.43745,31437,9221.2:1(0.9:1) 13.10.36945,31428,3591.6:1(1.2:1) 13.10.30045,31418,6542.4:1(1.7:1) 11.60.43736,32637,9220.96:1(0.7:1) 11.60.36936,32628,3591.3:1(0.97:1) 11.60.30036,32618,6542.0:1(1.3:1) Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement for P)

16. Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements by crops CropYield potential, bu/ac N, lb/ac P 2 O 5, lb/ac Ratio N:P 2 O 5 Corn176183652.8:1 Corn143139532.6:1 Corn115101432.3:1 Soybean57(220)46(4.8:1) Soybean46(180)37(4.9:1) Soybean37(140)30(4.6:1)

17. Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements of Corn-Soybean 2-year rotation Yield potential N, lb/ac P 2 O 5, lb/ac Ratio N:P 2 O 5 High1831111.6:1 Medium139901.5:1 Low101731.4:1

18. Land Application Area Required (high yield) DietApplication Acres CP, %P, %N-basisP-basisCorn-Soybean 15.80.437332583341 15.80.369332436255 15.80.300332302168 13.10.437248583341 13.10.369248436255 13.10.300248302168 11.60.437198583341 11.60.369198436255 11.60.300198302168 Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (NRC requirements)

19. Land Application Area Required (high yield) DietApplication Acres CP, %P, %N-basisP-basisCorn-Soybean 15.80.546332771451 15.80.461332578339 15.80.375332417244 13.10.546248771451 13.10.461248578339 13.10.375248417244 11.60.546198771451 11.60.461198578339 11.60.375198417244 Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement)

20. EPA CAFO Rule Revision Duty to apply for those who discharge or intend to discharge NMP open for public comment and included in the permit New large swine, poultry and veal have a zero discharge requirement Production area runoff must be stored unless prove reduction in pollutants Best Current Technology for pathogen control (fecal coliforms)

22. Software Websites Spatial Nutrient Management Planner http://www.cares.missouri.edu/snmp Manure Management Planner http://www.agry.purdue.edu/mmp