1. 1November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Pay-per-page Printing on Campus 12-706 Final Project Joe Marriott Yi Young Jung

2. 2November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc What is it? Charge Andrew users for printing directly –Currently, cost of printing is “free” to the user –Paid for by students’ tuition, endowments, other university income Pay-per-page printing (4P) can take several forms –Users given a quota, charged for use above quota –Users charged for each page, like copying

3. 3November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Why not keep things the way they are? Usage and costs are increasing rapidly –Increasing faster than user population New patterns of usage –Blackboard, courses on the web –Online material from library –Undergraduate catalog ‘no longer in print’

4. 4November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Current Printing Trends –Cluster Services scared of these trends… –Already at $60,000 in costs

5. 5November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Other options Trying to educate users –Currently Cluster Services’ first option: educate users about following savings methods: Duplex printing Check twice, print once Check queue length before printing once, certainly before printing twice Pear and Grapenut Evidence is against education –Scott and Joe both here for 5+ years, being ‘educated’ all the while, but no change in wasteful practices

6. 6November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Why might this work? In general, assigning a ‘real’ cost to some resource will make users conserve that resource –Electricity: Are you more likely to turn off the lights in your apartment or in your office when you leave? –Heat: If cost weren’t an issue, would you rather set the thermostat at 67 or 71 degrees? –Works for water, gasoline, food, etc… –It works for paper, too Other schools have this working So… the idea is not to make money, or find another way to pay, but to reduce waste!

7. 7November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Possible Benefits Reduce waste –Cut down on number of unnecessary pages printed –Saves paper, toner; need fewer new printers Reduced costs –Obviously, saving these things also saves money Reduce total usage (Blue sky objective) –If the economics are done right, users will find alternatives to printing –Original goal of Blackboard was to go ‘paperless’, but it has just switched from efficient copying to wasteful printing

8. 8November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Scope of 4P BCA & Some Assumptions Public cluster printers –Doesn’t include any personal or department printers Could be expanded to departments! –Doesn’t include Pear and Grapenut $0.10/page is similar to copiers on campus, similar to Kinko’s and similar to other schools –Can be considered students WTP for ‘normal’ printing Now, on to methodology…

9. 9November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Simple Equation from BCA Concept Are the benefits of 4P greater than the costs? –Benefits here are actually cost savings (Cost of present – Cost with 4P) = Benefits Minimize Costs  Increase Benefits Do yearly cash flows to determine savings –Lifetime of a printer = usually 4-5 years There are many options with 4P…

10. 10November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Options: 5 Different Cash flows Option 1: Present situation –Easiest and cheapest, at least short term… Option 2: Pure 4P – students pay for every page –Very similar to the current copier policy Option 3: 200 page quota per year + $.10/page –Low end of what’s implemented at other schools Option 4: 400 page quota per year + $.10/page –High end of what’s implemented at other schools Option 5: 100 page quota per year + $.25/page –Unrealistic, but how much could we be saving?

11. 11November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Cash Flow in present: How it works now… Costs Items –Paper –Toner –Printers –Staff (FTE & Ccons) –Maintenance –Electricity –Queue wait times… Benefits Items –Print as much as you want! –Ccons…

12. 12November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc 4P Cash Flow Costs –All previous costs –System installation –System maintenance Benefits –Environmental benefit Reduced paper & energy –Cost savings for each item associated with printing

13. 13November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Estimating done as part of analysis Printing increase in next 5 years –Printing ‘inflation’ –Independent of decision, how will printing habits change? With new system: –How much reduction in total printing? –How often will people go over quotas? How much will new system cost? –To install –And to maintain

14. 14November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Usage trends, again…

15. 15November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc What we expect to find… Preliminary data shows that the system could pay for itself within 3 years –Doesn’t include any environmental benefit Originally thought there would be a big cost savings for students –Turns out we only spend about $13/year on printing

16. 16November 22, 200212-706 Civ Sys Inv Pln Prc Any input welcome! Questions? Comments? Concerns? Jokes?