1. United States Civil War: Maps Historical Images Photographs As background music, a free recording of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic” is available at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Battle_Hymn _of_the_Republic.ogg

2. Union Soldiers Guarding the Potomac River, 1861

3. United States in 1861 States that seceded before April 15, 1861 States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Union states that permitted slavery Union states that forbade slavery Territories, unaffiliated

4. First Battle of Bull Run,1861

5. Contrasting Images of Civil War

6. Runaway Slaves in North, 1863

7. Soldiers at Gettysburg, 1863

8. Gettysburg Battlefield, 1863

9. United States in 1864 Union states, including those admitted during the war Union states that permitted slavery Confederate States Territories

10. Nurses and Sanitary Commission Officers, 1864

11. Siege of Petersburg, 1865

12. Generals U.S. Grant & R.E. Lee

13. Richmond, Virginia, 1865

14. United States in 1865 Union states Union territories The border states Bleeding Kansas The Confederacy Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories

15. History behind “Taps” In July of 1862, in the aftermath of the bloody Seven Days battles, hard on the loss of 600 men and wounded himself, Union General Daniel Adams Butterfield called the brigade bugler to his tent. Oliver Wilcox Norton, the bugler, tells the story, "...showing me some notes on a staff written in pencil on the back of an envelope, (he) asked me to sound them on my bugle. I did this several times, playing the music as written.

16. “TAPS” continued He changed it somewhat, lengthening some notes and shortening others, but retaining the melody as he first gave it to me. After getting it to his satisfaction, he directed me to sound that call for Taps thereafter in place of the regulation call. The music was beautiful on that still summer night and was heard far beyond the limits of our Brigade. The next day I was visited by several buglers from neighboring Brigades, asking for copies of the music which I gladly furnished. The call was gradually taken up through the Army of the Potomac."