1. 1 Announcements 10/03/11 Check course calendar –Find link to lesson(s) for the week –Check out assignments Course Pack should be available before Thursday at UBS. –Spectral analysis (preparatory work + exercise) –Print your own copies for color Will get “real” star finder on Tuesday (please return card-stock ones to TA) Open House Jacobsen Observatory - Weds. 9 pm (7 pm is full) - if clear!

2. 2 Loose ends - Sky View Cafe

3. 3 Loose Ends - Quarks

4. 4 Distinguish among the following kinds of energy kinetic thermal gravitational potential electric potential radiative mass energy Give examples of how energy is conserved. Learning goals MATTER AND ENERGY

5. 5 The Atom + isotopes & ions An atom that has lost 1 or more electrons

6. 6 Nomenclature you need to know Astronomers note how many electrons the atom has lost through Roman numerals. H I = neutral hydrogen He II = singly ionized helium Ca II = singly ionized calcium Fe IV = iron atom has lost 3 electrons Fe XII = iron atom has lost ___?___ electrons ___?___ = oxygen atom missing 2 electrons

7. 7 States of matter

8. 8 Video taken by satellite STEREO PLASMA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Encke_tail_rip_off.ogg

9. 9 Kinetic vs Gravitational Potential KE = ½ mv 2 GPE = mgh Energy

10. 10 Thermal Energy Thermal energy is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a system of particles.

11. 11 Radiative Electric Potential Energy + -

12. 12 Gravitational Potential vs Electric Potential Energy

13. 13 E = mc 2 Mass Energy Sun’s Core Fusion Fission

14. 14 Learning Goals Relate each of Newton’s laws of motion to terrestrial and celestial events Demonstrate knowledge of how the force of gravity depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them through mathematical analysis. Explain what we mean by conservation of angular momentum Newton’s Laws of motion + Gravity

15. 15 Newton’s 1st Law of Motion An object resists its change in state: an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. Relate each of Newton’s laws of motion to terrestrial and celestial events Terrestrial example Celestial example

16. 16 Newton’s 2nd Law: a = F/m Terrestrial example Relate each of Newton’s laws of motion to terrestrial and celestial events Celestial example

17. 17 Newton’s 3rd law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Terrestrial example Relate each of Newton’s laws of motion to terrestrial and celestial events

18. 18 gravity How gravity “works”

19. 19 Inertia as experienced by a sperm whale and a bowl of petunias Whale weighs a lot more! Experiences a much greater force of gravity. Why, then, would the whale and bowl of petunias fall at same acceleration? (They also have same velocity when they hit, but NOT the same kinetic energy.)

20. 20 Conservation of ANGULAR momentum Explanation: