1. INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AS PART OF OVERALL AIR POLLUTION IN ASIAN CITIES Lidia Morawska Queensland University of Technology

2. Links between humans, buildings and environment ENVIRONMENT BUILDING HUMAN

3. This presentation Will explore:  Indoor generated pollution in the Asian environment  The effect of outdoor pollution on indoor exposures  The impact of indoor emissions on outdoor pollution

4. Airborne pollutants Particles Inorganic gases (CO, CO 2, NO x, SO 2 ) Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC) Inorganic trace elements (Pb, V, Br, etc) Biological agents Ozone Radon (Rn)

5. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment I Two ends of the spectrum

6. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment II Highest indoor concentration levels of particles resulting from open fire burning and cooking: China 3000  g m -3 India 6800  g m -3 Nepal 8200  g m -3 Guidelines for Air Quality. WHO, 2000

7. Comparison with outdoor standards or objectives TSP  g/m 3 PM 10  g/m 3 PM 2.5  g/m 3 Annual24 hAnnual24 hAnnual24 h US 50150156565 Australia 50825 Hong Kong 80 26055180

8. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment III Progress in improving indoor air quality: dissemination of knowledge New book appearing now: Title: Residential Decoration: Beware of killers of Human Health Publisher: China Building and Architecture Press Author: Guoqiang Zhang & Likui Yu

9. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment IV Indoor source number 1: SMOKING Emissions of particulate matter from one cigarette: Up to 3 mg/min Up to 22 mg/cigarette

10. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment V Indoor source number 2: COOKING Emissions from cooking: Of the order of 4 mg/min

11. Indoor generated pollution in Asian environment VI PM 10 Indoor/Outdoor Ratio

12. Outdoor pollution and its impact on indoor air

13. Outdoor pollution and its impact on indoor air I In urban air Motor vehicle emissions constitute the most significant source of pollutants Over 4000 pollutants emitted by vehicles!

14. Outdoor pollution and its impact on indoor air II PM 10 I/O Ratio No indoor sources

15. The impact of indoor emissions on outdoor pollution Contribution to pollution in the urban air shed Micro scale pollution

16. Greenhouse emissions related to building sector - CO 2 - some facts 25-30% of total energy-related emissions 10-12% of the increasing net radiative forcing that is inducing global warming between 1980 and 1990, emissions from buildings have grown by 1.7% per year with rates 4 times greater in developing countries building emissions predicted to grow by 2.6% a year to the year 2020

17. Urban dust dome and heat island (Botkin and Keller 1997)

18. Where to from here? Education and information Efficiently using the available knowledge Based on the above, developing approaches most suited to local and regional needs

19. Asia faces old and new challenges …some solutions available, some needed. … its quality is central to human health. Indoor environment is a part of a system SUMMARY