1. Country overview slides Econ. 312/512

3. Population distribution by major world region, estimates & projections, 1800 -2050 (%)
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
Europea 20
23.7
27.5
21.7
12.0 7
US, Canada, Australia, NZ 1
2.4
5.5
7.2 5
Latin America 2
2.5
4.1
6.6
8.6 9
Asiab 69
64.7
56.7
55.7
60.9 59
Africa 8
6.7
6.1
8.8
13.0
World (%)
(billions)
100
(0.90)
100.0
(1.18)
(1.56)
(2.52)
(6.05)
(8.9)
a. Including Russian Federation b. including Pacific Islands Sources: 1800, McEvedy & Jones (1978); 1850 and 1900, Maddison (1995)-1850estimates interpolated from Maddison’s time series: 1950, 2000 and 2050, United Nations (1999) revision medium-variant projections.

5. The distribution of HIV/AIDS around the world,
end of 2000
Region
Adults & Children
newly infected with HIV
living with HIV/AIDS
Adult HIV/AIDS
Prevalence Rate
Number %
Sub-Saharan Africa
3,800,000
71.4
25,300,000
70.1
8.8
South & South-East Asia
780,000
14.6
5,800,000
16.1
0.6
Latin America
150,000
2.8
1,400,000
3.9
0.5
East Asia & Pacific
130,000
2.4
640,000
1.8
0.1
East. Europe & Central Asia
250,000
4.7
700,000
1.9
0.4
Caribbean
60,000
1.1
390,000
2.3
North Africa & Middle East
80,000
1.5
400,000
0.2
North America
45,000
0.8
920,000
2.5
Western Europe
30,000
540,000
Australia & New Zealand
500
0.0
15,000
Total
5,300,000
100
36,100,000

6. Average Annual Rate of Growth (%) 1980-90
Average Annual Rate of Growth of GDP per Capita, Exports, Inflation and Gross Domestic Investment for Latin American Countries from 1980 to (countries ranked by growth in GDP per capita).
Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Countries
GDP/capita
Exports
Inflation
Gross Investment
1. Chile
2.5
6.9
20.7
9.6
2. Columbia
1.7
7.5
24.8
0.5
3. Dominican Republic
0.9
4.5
21.6
3.7
4. Jamaica
0.8
5.4
18.6
-0.1
5. Brazil
0.7
284.0
0.2
6. Costa Rica
6.1
23.6
5.3
7. Uruguay
-0.2
4.3
61.3
-7.8
8. Paraguay
-0.5
12.2
24.4
-0.8
9. Ecuador
36.4
-3.8
10.Honduras
-0.6
1.1
5.7
2.9
11.El Salvador
-3.4
16.3
2.2
12.Venezuela
-1.5
19.3
-5.3
13.Mexico
-1.6
7.0
72.1
-3.1
14.Panama
1.9
---
15.Argentina
-1.9
3.8
389.8
-4.7
16.Guatemala
-2.0
-1.8
14.6
17.Haiti
-2.1
1.2
18.Bolivia
-2.2
1.0
328.0
-9.9
19.Peru
-2.5
1.6
231.3
-4.2
20.Nicaragua
422.6
Avg. for top 6 countries Avg. for middle 8 countries Avg. for bottom 6 countries
-0.9
21.9(w/o Brazil) 29.7
232.6
-4.3

7. Average Annual Rate of Growth (%) 1990-98
Average Annual Rate of Growth of GDP per Capita, Exports, Inflation and Gross Domestic Investment for Latin American Countries from 1990 to (countries ranked by growth in GDP per capita). Note: (++) substantial positive reversal, (--) substantial negative reversal, (+) meaningful positive reversal, (-) meaningful negative reversal
Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Countries
GDP/capita
Exports
Inflation
Gross Investment
1. Chile
6.1
9.8
9.4
13.9
2. Peru (++)
3.9
8.2
33.7
11.3
3. Argentina (++)
3.8
9.3
10.0
12.5
4. Dominican Republic
3.4
20.4
10.6
11.8
Uruguay
3.1
8.0
40.4
8.3
6. El Salvador (+)
2.9
13.2
9.1
7.7
Panama
2.3
0.7
2.4
12.9
Columbia
2.0
6.8
21.7
13.6
9. Brazil
1.7
5.6
347.3
10.Costa Rica
1.6
8.7
17.4
2.8
11.Bolivia
1.5
6.7
6.9
12.Guatemala
1.2
7.2
11.5
3.7
13.Nicaragua (+)
0.9
67.7
14.Mexico
0.5
14.7
19.8
15.Ecuador (-)
4.4
32.7
4.2
16.Honduras (-)
0.3
2.2
20.8
17.Paraguay (-)
-0.2
7.3
14.5
3.6
18.Venezuela (-)
-0.5
49.7
19.Jamaica (--)
-0.9
0.0
29.5
6.0
20.Haiti
-4.9
-4.4
25.3
1.8
Avg. for top 6 countries Avg. for middle 8 countries Avg. for bottom 6 countries
(w/o Brazil)
28.9
4.8

8. Percentage Share of Income (Poorest and Richest 20% of the Population)
High Inequality Countries
Lowest 20%
Highest 20%
Brazil
2.2
64.1
Nicaragua
2.3
63.6
Paraguay
1.9
60.7
Colombia
3.0
60.9
Chile
3.3
61.0
Guatemala
3.8
60.6
Low Inequality Countries
Finland
10.0
35.8
Czech Rep
10.3
35.9
Japan
35.7
Belarus
11.4
33.3
Slovakia
11.9
31.4
Source: World Resources
United States
4.8
45.2

9. Regional Characteristics
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia & Pacific
South Asia
Latin America
2002 GDP/capita (in 1995 US$)
575
1047
486
4052
Average GDP/capita growth (%)
-1.12
6.92
3.13
1.56
Average GDP/capita growth (%)
0.72
4.67
3.30
0.44
Adult illiteracy 2002 (%) 37 13 44 11
Population density 2002 29
116
293 26
% rural population 2002 67 62 72 24
Source: The World Bank World Development Indications (WDI) 2003

10. Democracy, Liberal Democracy, and “Free” States by Region (and Cultural Grouping), 1999 - 2000
Number of Countries
Number of Democracies (% of total)
“Free” States (% of total)
Liberal Democracies (% of total)
Western Europe and Anglophone states 28
28 (100%)
Latin America and Caribbean 33
29 (88%)
20 (70%)
16 (48%)
South America 12
11 (92%)
6 (50%)
4 (33%)
East Central Europe and Baltic States 15
14 (93%)
10 (67%)
9 (60%)
Former Soviet Union (less Baltics)
5 (42%) 4 (33%) *
Asia (East, SE, South) 26
12 (46%)
8 (31%)
3 (12%)
Pacific Island 11
10 (91%)
9 (82%)
Africa (Sub-Sahara) 48
20 (42%) 16 (33%) *
8 (17%)
5 (10%)
Middle East-North Africa 19
2 (11%)
1 (5%)
Total
192
120 (63%) 115 (69%) *
85 (44%)
71 (37%)
Arab Countries 16
Predominantly Muslim Countries 41
8 (20%) 5 (12%) *
1 (2%)
Source: 1999 Freedom House survey; Journal of Democracy, January 2000, pp
*Indicates a regime classification of the author that differs from that of Freedom House (FH). Freedom House rates Djibouti, the Kyrgyz Republic, Liberia, Niger, and Sierra Leone
as electoral democracies, but all five to have levels of coercion and fraud that make the electoral process less than free and fair. Other countries rated as electoral
democracies have only dubiously democratic elections, including Russia, Nigeria, and Indonesia.

11. Major exports by country, 2000
Countries
Product
% of total exports
Argentina
Animal Feed Petroleum
9.01
8.93
Bolivia
Zinc ore
11.7
Brazil*
Iron
Aircraft
5.61
5.30
Chile
Copper
27.53
Colombia
Petroleum
29.73
Costa Rica
Machinery Parts
34.93
Dominican Republic
Fruits
34.34
Ecuador
37.27
El Salvador
Coffee
21.89
Guatemala
22.05
Honduras
33.72
Mexico
Motor vehicles
9.49
Nicaragua
28.07
Panama
24.78
Paraguay
Seeds for Oil
37.33
Peru
Gold
18.26
Uruguay
Meat
17.63
Venezuela
56.86
Source: UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, 2002

12. (in current US $ billions)
Rank Order of Size, Average Income Levels and Gini Indexes of Income Inequality for Major Asian Countries in 2002
Size of Population
(in millions)
Size of GDP
(in current US $ billions)
GDP per Capita
(in 1995 constant US $)
Gini Index
1. China
1,281
1,237.1
1. Singapore
27,254
42.6
2. India
1,048
515.0
2. Hong Kong
25,508
43.4
3. Indonesia
212
3. South Korea
476.7
14,280
31.6
4. Pakistan
145
4. Indonesia
172.9
4. Malaysia
4,811
49.1
5. Bangladesh
136
5. Hong Kong
161.5
5. Thailand
2,986
31.8
6. Vietnam 81
6. Thailand
126.4
6. Philippines
1,195
46.1
7. Philippines 80
7. Malaysia
95.1
7. Indonesia
1,060
30.3
8. Thailand 62
8. Singapore
87.0
8. Sri Lanka
891
34.4
9. Myanmar 49
9. Philippines
77.1
9. China
642
40.3
10. S. Korea 48
10. Pakistan
60.5
527
33.0
11. Nepal 24
11. Bangladesh
47.3
11. India
494
36.7
12. Malaysia
12. Vietnam
35.1
12. Laos
477
37.0
13. Sri Lanka 19
16.4
13. Mongolia
440
44.0
14. Cambodia 12
14. Nepal
5.5
14. Vietnam
412
36.1
15. Hong Kong 7
15. Cambodia
3.7
15. Bangladesh
396
16. Laos 6
1.7
16. Cambodia
325
40.4
17. Mongolia 2
1.3
17. Nepal
241
East Asia & Pacific
1,838
1,802.1
1,047
South Asia
1,401
655.0
486
Source: World Development Indicators database

13. Average Annual Rate of Growth 1980-90 (%)
Average Annual Growth of GDP per Capita, Exports, Inflation, and Gross Domestic Investment for Major Asian Countries for the 1980s and 1990s (Countries and regions ranked by GDP per capita growth)
Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Country
GDP/ Capita (1)
Exp. (2)
Infl. (3)
Gross Inv. (4)
1. China
8.7
11.4
5.9
11.0
2. S. Korea
8.2
12.0
6.1
11.9
3. Thailand
14.1
3.9
9.4
4. Hong Kong
5.7
14.4
7.7
4.0
5. Singapore
4.9
10.8
2.2
3.7
6. Indonesia
4.3
2.9
8.5
7.0
7. India
8.0
6.5
8. Pakistan
3.2
8.4
6.7
9. Malaysia
2.7
10.9
1.7
2.6
10. Sri Lanka
0.6
11. Vietnam
2.5
---
210.8
12. Nepal
2.0
11.1
1.8
13. Bangladesh
9.5
1.4
14. Mongolia
-1.2
-1.6
15. Philippines
-1.4
3.5
14.9
-2.1
Region %
1. East Asia
5.3
12.6
6.6
7.1
2. S.E. Asia
3.4
6.2*
4.1
3. South Asia
9.2
* without Vietnam
Sources: World Development Reports 1997 and 1999,
Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Country
GDP/ Capita (5)
Exp. (6)
Infl. (7)
Gross Inv. (8)
1. China
10.0
14.9
9.8
13.4
2. Thailand
6.5
11.1
4.8
3. Vietnam
27.7
19.7
28.4
4. Singapore
6.0
13.3
2.5
5. S. Korea
5.3
15.7
5.1
6.3
6. Malaysia
13.2
4.5
10.8
7. Myanmar
5.0
8.8
24.2
13.0
8. India
4.3
12.1
7.5
5.9
9. Indonesia
4.2
8.6
12.5
4.4
10. Sri Lanka
4.0
9.0
5.8
11. Bangladesh
3.2
13.7
3.6
7.0
12. Hong Kong
2.8
9.5
6.4
8.9
13. Nepal
2.3
16.8
14. Pakistan
1.2
11.2
2.7
15. Philippines
1.1
11.0
8.5
16. Mongolia
0.5
---
78.4
Region %
1. S.E. Asia
4.9
11.01
2. East Asia
4.6
7.1*
9.2
3. South Asia
3.0
6.2
5.5
* without Mongolia
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

14. Absolute Poverty in the Developing World, 1998 Region or Country Group
People below the Poverty Line a (%)
Number of Poor People (millions)
East Asia and Pacific
15.3
278.3
Europe and Central Asia
5.1
24.0
Latin America and the Caribbean
15.6
78.2
Middle East and North Africa
1.9
5.5
South Asia
40.0
522.0
Sub-Saharan Africa
46.3
290.9
Total
1198.9
Source: The World Bank World Development Report (WDR) 2001

15. Africa in the Early Twentieth Century

16. (in current US $ billions)
Rank Order of Size, Average Income Levels and Gini Index (where available) of Income Inequality for Countries in Sub Saharan Africa in 2002
Size of Population
(in millions)
Size of GDP
(in current US $ billions)
GDP per Capita
(in 1995 constant US $)
Gini Index
Nigeria
133
South Africa
104.2
1. Mauritius
4,537
Ethiopia 67
2. Nigeria
45.5
2. Gabon
4,405
3. Dem Rep Congo 54
3. Sudan
13.5
3. Botswana
4,233 63
4. South Africa 44
4. Kenya
12.1
4,183 59
5. Tanzania 35
5. Ivory Cost
11.7
Namibia
2,412 71
6. Sudan 32
Angola
11.4
6. Swaziland
1,528 61
7. Kenya 31
7. Tanzania
9.4
7. Congo Rep
803
8. Uganda 23
8. Cameroon
9.0
8. Ivory Cost
712 37
9. Ghana 20
9. Zimbabwe
8.3
Cameroon
711 48
10. Mozambique 18
10. Ethiopia
6.0
10. Guinea
628 40
11. Ivory Cost 17
11. Ghana
11. Senegal 41
12. Cameroon 16
12. Uganda
5.9
12. Angola
598
13. Madagascar
13. Dem Rep Congo
5.7
13. Lesotho
577 56
14. Angola 14
14. Botswana
5.2
14. Zimbabwe
522 57
15. Zimbabwe 13
15. Gabon
5.0
15. Benin
435
16. Burkina Faso 12
16. Senegal
16. Ghana
432
17. Niger
17. Madagascar
4.5
17. Zambia
410 53
Sub-Saharan Africa
688
318.6
575
Source: World Development Indicators database

17. Average Annual Growth of GDP per Capita, Exports, Inflation, and Gross Domestic Investment for Major Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for the 1980s
Positive GDP/Cap Growth Countries Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Country
GDP/ Capita (1)
Exp. (2)
Infl. (3)
Gross Inv. (4)
Botswana
8.2
10.6
13.6 --
Mauritius
5.3
10.4
9.5
10.2
Swaziland
3.8
14.4
13.8
Lesotho
1.6
4.1
6.9
Burundi
3.4
4.4
4.5
Chad
1.4
6.5
2.9
19.0
7. Burkina Faso
1.1
-0.4
3.3
8.6
Angola
1.0
3.7
5.9
-6.8
Kenya
0.8
4.3
9.1
10. Uganda
0.7
1.8
104.0
9.6
11. Cameroon
0.5
5.6
-2.7
12. Congo, Rep.
5.1
-11.9
13. Mali
0.4
4.8
5.4
14. Senegal
0.3
3.9
15. Zimbabwe
0.1
11.6
1.3
16. Benin
-2.4
-6.2
17. Mozambique
38.3
-2.5
Sources: World Development Reports 1998/99 and
B. Negative GDP/Cap Growth Countries Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Country
GDP/ Capita (5)
Exp. (6)
Infl. (7)
Gross Inv. (8)
18. Ghana
-0.3
2.5
42.1
4.5
19. Rwanda
-0.5
3.4
4.0
3.7
20. Guinea --
21. Ethiopia
-0.8
2.4
4.6
3.5
22. Mauritania
-0.9
3.6
8.4
-4.1
23. South Africa
-1.0
1.9
14.9
-4.8
24. Malawi
14.6
-2.8
25. Tanzania
-1.2
-1.5
25.1
26. Sudan
0.9
31.3
27. Togo
-1.4
0.1
4.8
2.9
28. Nigeria
16.7
-8.6
29. Namibia
-0.1
13.9
11.9
30. Sierra Leone
2.1
64.0
-6.5
31. Congo Dem Rep
-1.7
9.6
62.9
32. Madagascar
-1.8
17.1
4.9
33. Cent Afr. Rep
-2.0
7.9
1.8
34. Zambia
-2.2
-3.4
42.2
-2.7
35. Gabon
3.0
-4.6
36. Ivory Cost
-2.9
2.8
-28.8
37. Niger
-3.2
-5.9
Sub Saharan Africa
10.5
-4.0
1999/2000, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

18. Average Annual Growth of GDP per Capita, Exports, Inflation, and Gross Domestic Investment for Major Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for the 1990s
Positive GDP/Cap Growth Countries Average Annual Rate of Growth (%)
Country
GDP/ Capita (1)
Exp. (2)
Infl. (3)
Gross Inv. (4)
Lesotho (++)
5.0
11.1
7.7
Uganda (++)
4.2
16.1
15.3
10.0
Mauritius
3.9
5.5
6.2
0.4
Ethiopia (++)
2.7
9.0
7.9
15.4
Botswana (--)
2.3
4.9
10.3
2.0
Guinea
2.6
5.9
5.7
Chad
3.7
7.3
18.6
Benin
1.7
3.3
10.1
4.6
Mozambique
14.8
41.3
8.9
10. Sudan
94.5 --
11. Mauritania
1.6
-2.3
4.0
12. Ghana
1.4
10.2
28.6
2.8
13. Malawi
1.1
4.7
32.8
-8.0
14. Mali
0.9
9.2
1.5
15. Namibia
0.8
5.4
9.5
4.1
16. Burking Faso
0.7
-0.8
6.6
17. Ivory Cost
4.5
8.7
18.0
18. Senegal
6.1
2.2
19. Swaziland (--)
0.2
9.7
12.8
(++) = substantial improvement from previous decade
(--) = substantial deterioration from previous decade
Sources: World Development Reports 1998/99 and
B. Negative GDP/Cap Growth Countries Average Annual Rate of Growth (%).
Country
GDP/ Capita (5)
Exp. (6)
Infl. (7)
Gross Inv. (8)
20. Gabon
-0.1
4.7
9.8
1.2
21. Nigeria
5.2
38.6
8.0
22. Tanzania
10.9
24.3
-2.3
23. South Africa
5.1
3.4
24. Zimbabwe
-0.4
8.9
22.4
4.5
25. Kenya
-0.5
2.7
9.1
4.3
26. Cent Afr Rep
-0.7
14.3
5.4
-5.4
27. Togo
-0.8
0.8
8.8
12.6
28. Niger
-1.4
-0.2
6.8
4.4
29. Madagascar
-1.5
1.3
22.1
0.4
30. Zambia
-1.8
2.0
63.5
12.1
31. Congo Rep
-1.9
4.9
7.1
4.1
32. Cameroon (--)
-2.4
6.1
-1.6
33. Rwanda (--)
-3.5
-9.8
18.4
-3.9
32. Angola (--)
5.9
921.1
33. Burundi (--)
-5.9
0.1
12.2
-16.1
34. Sierra Leone(--)
-7.2
-9.4
32.5
-13.3
35. Congo Dem Rep (--)
-8.3
-5.5
1423.1
Sub Saharan Afr.
4.6
12.0
4.2
1999/2000, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

19. The Spread of HIV in Africa
1986
2001
Source: UNAIDS