1. 1 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Chapter 16 Developmental Psychopathology

2. 2 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Abnormal Development/Behavior Statistical deviance -Uncommon = abnormal & MAY = pathological Maladaptive -Interfer w/ functioning, danger to self or others Personal distress -Anguish & discomfort

3. 3 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Developmental Psychopathology Focus is on development, not disease -Adaptive course of life -A pattern of maladaptation, not defects Social and age norms key -Societies, age define ‘normality’ -Normal at 4 years old to fear monsters (but not at 45) Developmental issues: -Nature/Nurture, risk factors, change & Prediction

4. 4 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology The Diathesis-Stress Model Psychopathology: Interaction of vulnerability (Diathesis) and environment -Genes, biology & stress Example: Depression -Genetic vulnerability -Environmental trigger(s) No specific stressors for specific disorders

5. 5 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Figure 16.2

6. 6 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Disorders in infancy: Autism 3 core symptoms -Impaired social interaction -Inattentive to social/emotional cues -Aversive & disorganized attachments to parents -Deviant communication development -Mute, echolalia (parroting speech), -Some speak but little give-and-take interactions -Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors -Seek sameness, novelty frightening -Rocking, flapping, strong toy/object attachment

7. 7 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Disorders in infancy: Autism Causes -No theory of mind, symbolic thought -Executive cogntive ablity (integration) -Biology -Epilepsy & Brain stem abnormalities common -Genes key Outcomes -Lifelong disorder -Early behavioral intervention may help

8. 8 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Disorders in infancy: Depression Symptoms -Somatic problems (sleep problems, weight loss) -Depressive-like states Related to poor attachment -At risk if mother depressed -Failure to thrive -Due to abuse, neglect -Fail to grow/develop normally

9. 9 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Disorders in Childhood Externalizing problems -Undercontrolled disorders -Acting out -Aggressive, out of control Internalizing problems -Overcontrolled disorders -Inner stress, anxiety -More girls

10. 10 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Disorders in Childhood: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder DSM-IV Criteria -Inattention (easily distracted, never finishes task) -Impulsivity (acts before thinking) -Hyperactivity (perpetual fidgeting, restlessness) 3%-5% of children diagnosed (boys > girls) -Conduct disorders & learning disabilities common

11. 11 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Course -Overactive behavior wanes later in life -Attentional and adjustment problems remain -Most are adjusted in adulthood

12. 12 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology ADHD – Causes and Treatment Causes -Unclear neurological basis -Deficiencies in frontal lobe (planning, inhibit beh) -Underactivity in motor area of brain -Genetic predisposition Treatment -70% helped by stimulants (overprescription) -Best if combined with behavioral treatment

13. 13 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Depression Childhood -Somatic symptoms > cognitive symptoms -Psychotherapy, medication effective -Nature/nurture question Early adulthood (age 21) adjustment -Related to child symptoms/temperament

14. 14 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Figure 16.3

15. 15 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Adolescence Storm and Stress not common -Only about 20% -increased vulnerability for some disorders Eating disorders common (esp girls) -Anorexia Nervosa -Bulimia Nervosa -American thinness craze (25% 2nd grade girls diet) -Stress, perfection, control -Some genetic predisposition -Successful treatment possible

16. 16 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Adolescent Depression and Suicide 35% depressed, 7% diagnosable -Cognitive symptoms common -Behavioral acting out Suicide 3 rd leading cause of death (this age) -Females attempt more, males succeed more -Genetic link -Environmental triggers

17. 17 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Figure 16.5

18. 18 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Adulthood Rates of disorder decrease after age 18 -Fewer stressors, life strains Depression -Concern with the elderly (15% report symptoms) -Usually related to health -1-3% diagnosable -Difficult to diagnose (v. normal aging) -Gender: More women (2/1)

19. 19 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Depression and Dementia Dementia - progressive deterioration -Not normal aging -Many undiagnosed and untreated -Older adults benefit from treatment Alzheimer’s Disease -Brain cells die (neurofibrillary tangles) -Leading cause of dementia -Progressive and irreversible

20. 20 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Causes of Cognitive Impairment Genetic: Some Alzheimer’s Vascular dementia/Multi-infarct -Minor strokes -Related to lifestyle factors Other diseases Reversible dementia: About 20% Delirium: Reversible Depression: Treatable

21. 21 of 17 Carol K. Sigelman, Elizabeth A. Rider Life-Span Human Development, 4th Edition Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology Figure 16.6