1. Matter and Change
Chapter 1

2. 1-1 Chemistry is a Physical Science
Chemistry is a Central Science – it overlaps all other sciences.
It is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
It is considered a physical science.

3. Instruments are often used to extend one’s ability to observe and make measurements on matter.
ALL matter- living, non-living or artificial- has a chemical basis.

4. Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry – Inorganic Chemistry-
Physical Chemistry-
Analytical Chemistry-
Biochemistry-
Theoretical Chemistry-

5. What is a Chemical?
Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition.
Glucose, water, carbon dioxide, nylon …
Knowing the properties of chemicals allows scientists to understand uses.

6. Basic Research
Is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, driven by the desire to know.
Can explain the how’s and why’s of a Rxn, properties of substances, …
Example: DOW Chemical examines all Rxns involving chlorine.

7. Applied Research
This research is carried out to solve a specific problem.
Example: DOW chemical examines how chlorine can be used as a disinfectant in drinking water.

8. Technological Development
Involves the production and use of products that improve the quality of life.
Technological development of a chemical product often lags behind basic research on the same substance.
Example: DOW chemical developed a more efficient method of disinfecting water.

9. 1-2 Matter and Its Properties
Matter – anything that has mass and volume.

10. 2 General Properties of all matter:
Volume – how much space an object takes up.
Mass – is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

11. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
Atom – the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
Element – a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.

12. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
Compound – a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
A molecule can also be considered a compound which binds together only nonmetals.
Water (H2O) – is a molecule which contains the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 1 atom oxygen, 2 atoms hydrogen.

13. Properties and Changes in Matter
Properties of matter can be used to distinguish between substances, separate them, and to classify substances.

14. Properties and Changes in Matter
Extensive Properties – depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Examples: Volume, Mass, …
Intensive Properties – do NOT depend on the amount of matter present.
Examples: MP, BP, density, …

15. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical Property – characteristic of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity of a substance.
MP of water  0C
BP of water  100C

16. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical Change – process by which a substance undergoes a change that does not alter its identity.
Example: cutting, grinding, melting, boiling, tearing, painting, …

17. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Change of State – physical change of a substance from one phase(state) of matter to another
Melting  solid to liquid
Boiling  liquid to gas
A change of state does not alter the identity of a substance
If water boils, it is still water

18. 4 States of Matter Solid – definite volume and shape
Liquid – definite volume, no definite shape
Gas – no definite volume, no definite shape
Plasma - no definite volume, no definite shape

19. Chemical Properties
Chemical Property – characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the identity of the substance.
Transfers one substance into another.
Observed when a chemical changes into a new substance
Example: gasoline burns in oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide

20. Chemical Changes
Chemical Change (Chemical Rxn) – a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Example: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
Reactant  Product
Hydrogen peroxide  water + oxygen gas

21. Chemical Changes Example: Burning Charcoal
Carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide
During any chemical Rxn, the amount of matter (and mass) remains the same

22. Energy and Changes in Matter
When physical and chemical changes occur, energy usually is transferred.
Energy can be absorbed or released, but energy cannot be created nor destroyed.  Law of Conservation of Energy

23. Classification of Matter
See fig. 1-8, pg. 15
Mixture – is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each which retains its own identity and properties.
Parts are just mixed together.

24. Two Types of Mixtures
Homogenous mixture – mixture uniform in composition.
Example: sugar water, Air, Flat Pop, …

25. Two Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixture – mixture which are NOT uniform throughout.
Often has its own visible parts.
Example: Iron ore, rock, cookie, milk,…
Discuss Filtering Techniques: Fig. 1-9, pg. 16

26. Pure Substance Has a fixed composition.
Has exactly the same characteristic properties.
Has exactly the same composition.
Can be either compounds or elements.
Example: Water, pure metals, oxygen gas, …

27. 1-3 Elements
Elements are pure substances which cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Use blank periodic table we created in class to understand key terms.