1. Quiz #6 available until Tuesday at 11pm. Exam #3 rebuttals due Wed. Review tonight at 5:30 T-639 Health Science Building

2. 1.Identify 2.Identify 3.What happens when #2 is blocked? 4. Identify 5.What happens when someone has their gallbladder removed?

3. Location of the Kidneys posterior abdominal wall retroperitoneal T12-L3 adrenal gland: superomedial

4. L1 L3

5. Renal artery & vein Hilum Renal capsule Renal fascia Adipose capsule

8. Nephron = Renal corpuscle + renal tubule Renal corpuscle: glomerulus + Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule glomerular filtration creating plasma-like filtrate of the blood Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Glomerular capillaries with podocytes (visceral) Proximal convoluted tubule Simple, squamous epithelium (parietal) Vascular pole

9. Podocytes Capsule space glomerular filtrate Urinary pole Filtration slits Endothelial cells w/BM Filtration membrane Hematuria = blood Proteinuria = protein

10. Renal tubule Renal corpuscle Proximal convolute tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Renal papilla

11. Juxtaglomerular apparatus macula densa JG cells mesangial cells Macula densa epithelial cells monitor flow/comp of fluid in DCT comm with JG cells JG cells smooth muscle constrict afferent art Mesangial cells DCT Juxta = next to Macula = spot, patch

12. Kidney stones (renal calculus) calcium, phosphate, uric acid, protein form in renal pelvis excess calcium, dehydration, pH imbalance, cystitis Renal pelvis ureter

14. Urinary bladder Detrusor mm Parietal peritoneum Urethral openings in trigone Internal urethral sphincter smooth muscle External urethral sphincter skeletal muscle

15. Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra Male urethra

16. urethra Female urethra

17. Pubis sym. sacrum Levator ani coccygeus piriformis Pelvic floor muscles