1. 1 Pertemuan 19 & 20 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm Matakuliah: J0454 / Sistem Informasi Manajemen Tahun: 2006 Versi: 1 / 1

2. 2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Mahasiswa akan dapat menunjukkan strategi penerapan Manajemen Pengetahuan  C3

3. 3 Outline Materi Concept of Knowledge Management Knowledge Management in the Organization Organization Learning and KM Artificial Intelligence Expert Systems Case-Based Reasoning

4. 4 Organizational learning Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes reflecting experienceCreation of new standard operating procedures and business processes reflecting experience Knowledge management Set of processesSet of processes Creates, gathers, stores, maintains, and disseminates knowledgeCreates, gathers, stores, maintains, and disseminates knowledge KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management

5. 5 Knowledge Assets Organizational knowledge enabling the business to create valueOrganizational knowledge enabling the business to create value Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) Senior executive in charge of organization’s knowledge management programSenior executive in charge of organization’s knowledge management program KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management

6. 6 Tacit Knowledge Expertise and experience not formally documentedExpertise and experience not formally documented Best Practices Successful solutions or problem-solving methods developed by specific organization or industrySuccessful solutions or problem-solving methods developed by specific organization or industry KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management

7. 7 Organizational Memory Stored learning from organization’s historyStored learning from organization’s history Used for decision making and other purposesUsed for decision making and other purposes KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management

8. 8 IT Infrastructure for Knowledge Management KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION Figure 10-1

9. 9 Consists of creating or processing informationConsists of creating or processing information Divided into knowledge workers and data workersDivided into knowledge workers and data workers INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Information Work

10. 10 Office systems Manage and coordinate work of data and knowledge workersManage and coordinate work of data and knowledge workers Connect work of local information workers with all levels and functions of organizationConnect work of local information workers with all levels and functions of organization Connect organization to external worldConnect organization to external world Example: Word processing, voice mail, and imagingExample: Word processing, voice mail, and imaging INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems

11. 11 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS The Three Major Roles of Offices Figure 10-2

12. 12 Document imaging systems Convert documents and images into digital form Can be stored and accessed by the computer Knowledge repository Documented knowledge in a single location Typical Office Systems INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS

13. 13 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Components of an Imaging System Figure 10-3

14. 14 INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Web Publishing and Document Management Figure 10-4

15. 15 Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Aid knowledge workers in creation and integration of new knowledge Specialized tools for specific types of knowledge work User-friendly interface Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS

16. 16 Changes in the Construction Project Management Process INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Figure 10-5

17. 17 Requirements of Knowledge Work Systems INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Figure 10-6

18. 18 Computer-aided design (CAD) Virtual reality systems Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Investment workstations Examples of Knowledge Work Systems INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS

19. 19 Groupware Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Environments Enterprise information portals Teamware Sharing Knowledge: Group Collaboration Systems and Enterprise Knowledge Environments INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS

20. 20 An Enterprise Information Portal INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS Figure 10-7

21. 21 Effort to develop computer-based systems that behave as humans Includes natural language, robotics, perceptive systems, expert systems, and intelligent machines ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE What is Artificial Intelligence?

22. 22 Artificial Intelligence: –Stores information in active form –Creates mechanism not subjected to human feelings –Eliminates routine and unsatisfying jobs –Enhances organization’s knowledge base –Generates solution to specific problems Why Business is Interested in Artificial Intelligence ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

23. 23 The Artificial Intelligence Family ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-8

24. 24 Knowledge Base Rule-based Expert System Rule Base Knowledge Frames Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

25. 25 Rules in an AI Program ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-9

26. 26 AI shell Inference Engine Forward Chaining Backward Chaining Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

27. 27 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-10

28. 28 Knowledge engineer Specialist eliciting information and expertise from other professionals Translates information into set of rules for an expert system ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Building an Expert System

29. 29 Case-based Reasoning (CBR) Captures and stores collective knowledge Represents knowledge as database of cases and solutions Organizational Intelligence: Case-Based Reasoning ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

30. 30 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-11 Case database 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NOYES Successful? System modifies the solution to better fit the problem System finds closest fit and retrieves solution System stores problem and successful solution in the database System asks user additional questions to narrow the search System searches database for similar cases User describes the problem

31. 31 Hardware or software emulating processing patterns of biological brain Put intelligence into hardware in form of a generalized capability to learn Neural Networks OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

32. 32 Inference Engines in Expert Systems ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-12

33. 33 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Figure 10-13

34. 34 Biological Neurons of a Leech OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Figure 10-14

35. 35 Rule-based AI Tolerates imprecision Uses nonspecific terms called membership functions to solve problems Fuzzy Logic OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

36. 36 Implementing Fuzzy Logic Rules in Hardware OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Figure 10-15

37. 37 Problem-solving methods Promote evolution of solutions to specified problems Use a model of living organisms adapting to their environment Genetic Algorithms OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

38. 38 The Components of a Genetic Algorithm OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Figure 10-16

39. 39 Integration of multiple AI technologies into a single application Takes advantage of best features of technologies Hybrid AI Systems OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

40. 40 Software programs Use built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks Intelligent Agents OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

41. 41 OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES Figure 10-17

42. 42 Sumber Materi PPT Laudon, Kenneth C. and Jane P. Laudon (2004). Management Information Systems (8th Edition). Prentice Hall. Bab 10. Official PPT.