1. Episodic Memory

2. Reliability of Memory All autobiographical memories more than two years old may contain inaccurate information. Emotional events are unlikely to be forgotten. Nevertheless, they are susceptible to post-event information. Memories of early childhood may be entirely the result of post event information.

3. Techniques for recovering memories Repeated interrogation Extended psychoanalysis Regression therapy Hypnosis Sodium amytal

4. Recovered Memories are often of Childhood sexual abuse. Past lives. Abduction by aliens.

5. “Recovered” memories are suspect because Many cannot be true Imaginary injuries (no scar) Imaginary events Murders, tunnels, etc. Fantastic events Flying, satanic visits, alien encounters, past lives But are nonetheless deeply believed by the individual

6. Conclusion One cannot know the extent to which a recovered memory is true or false (a confabulation).