1. Types of Interview Face-to-face personal interview Structured Unstructured In-depth Telephone interview

2. Qualifications of Interviewer Sensitive, positive, motivating, trustworthy Friendly, be able to get along with people (rapport) Committed to adopt a neutral manner Have a clear voice, and be a good listener Have a legible handwriting, and accurate in recording responses Beauty is not essential, but neat is a must.

3. Preparation of Interviewer Decent training Handbook and questionnaire Map, name and address list, ID card Pencil or pen, letter of introduction Time sheet, non-response sheet Recorder ( 錄音筆, use with permission), notebook computer

4. Minimizing Interviewer Bias Appear and speak in a polite and neutral non- judgmental manner Never appear surprises or disapproving in relation to a response Never embarrassed by questions or replies, and never apologize for asking personal or embarrassed questions Ask questions in a non-biasing and non-leading way Stick to the format of the questionnaire (order and wording)

5. Minimizing Interviewer Bias Do not guess or make assumptions about respondents’ answers Check for any obvious inconsistencies without making respondent appear foolish or wrong Decent training with role play and pilot practice Use tape recorder Turn in all completed forms and questionnaires for double check

6. Motivating Respondents Make respondents feel valued and interested in Make positive doorstep introduction Know when to retreat and when to reapproach Be honest about the study, and be familiar with study Encourage negative responses Be confident, not pushy or aggressive Be persistent, polite and visit some other time

7. Rules for Interviewing Closed Questions Ask questions in the same order and worded in exactly the same way Read out all alternative response categories except ‘don’t know’ or ‘other’ Don’t guess respondents’ answer, ask again if needed Open-ended Questions Record everything that respondent says

8. Interviewing Techniques Read each question slowly and clearly Avoid influencing or leading respondents Fill in respondents’ answer exactly Don’t skip any question unless it was instructed Never express personal viewpoint on the question Use probing technique when necessary Double check any omitted question at the end