1. Oil Spills in Coastal Areas: Prevention and Control Victoria Broje Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara

2. Oil spill modeling Oil spill location and properties depend on:

3. Oil spill modeling Oil spill location and properties depend on: Initial oil/oil product properties (Chemical composition, density, viscosity, pour point, flash point, maximum water uptake, etc) Environmental conditions (Air and sea temperature, wind speed, currents, wave height, water salinity, water sediment load, presence of ice etc.) Release conditions (instantaneous, continuous, contained, surface, underwater spill) Amount of oil spilled Response options

4. Oil spill modeling – Why even bother? Application for oil spill modeling: Environmental risk assessment for offshore oil fields development. Contingency planning. Estimation of environmental impact.

5. Oil spill modeling What we want to know: Where is it? – Hydrodynamic model How does it look like? – Oil weathering model

6. Oil spill modeling Oil Weathering Model: density viscosity evaporation rate dispersion rate water content pour point flash point spreading rate Properties prediction Budget graph Response efficiency Affected areas and species Hydrodynamic Model location surface exposure amount of stranded oil concentration in the water column Response Actions Model amount of oil dispersed collected burned Output:

7. Oil spill modeling Some equations used for oil weathering modeling (ADIOS model): Evaporation:

8. Oil spill modeling Evaporation:

9. Oil spill modeling Dispersion rate:

10. Oil spill modeling Dispersion rate:

11. Oil spill modeling Emulsification:

12. Oil spill modeling Emulsification:

13. Oil spill modeling Density:

14. Oil spill modeling Density:

15. Oil spill modeling Viscosity:

16. Oil spill modeling Viscosity:

17. Oil spill modeling Spreading:

18. Oil spill modeling Spreading:

19. Oil spill modeling Spreading (OWM):

20. Oil spill modeling - ADIOS Instantaneous release: 1000 bbl of Brent Blend Coal Oil Point at sea temperature of 15ºC at wind speed of 15 m/s

21. Oil spill modeling - ADIOS

22. Brent Blend – Coal Oil Point

26. Brent Blend wind speed 2m/s – wind speed 15m/s

28. Laboratory modeling Evaporation simulation

29. Laboratory modeling Emulsification simulation a) b) a) Emulsification of Kyrtael crude and its residues at 11  C b) Emulsification of Bolshepurgovskaya crude and its residues at 11  C (from left to the right: 250  C+, 200  C+, 150  C+, crude)

30. OSCAR model