1. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 The Safe Use of the Existing Natural Gas System for Hydrogen (Overview of the NATURALHY-Project) by Onno Florisson, Gasunie, NL Presented by Barbara Lowesmith, Loughborough University, UK

2. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Main Political Drivers towards H2 Economy  Improved security of energy supply  Reduced CO2-emissions (Kyoto, >8% reduction by 2010)  Improved air quality

3. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 The transition to the hydrogen-economy will be lengthy, costly and will require significant R&D PRACTICAL STRATEGY Transition to H2 Economy

4. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Natural gas system could support transition by:  Offering smooth transition by initially conveying a hydrogen/natural gas mixture  Advancing use of H 2 in shorter time-frame by extracting hydrogen from the mixture  Lowering costs by using the existing system  Providing opportunity to carry H 2 to dispersed users through widespread natural gas system

5. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 The NaturalHy Approach

6. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Impact of Adding H2 to Natural Gas System  Presence of hydrogen may affect:  Safety of transmission, distribution, and end- use  Pipeline durability and integrity  Gas appliance performance  Hence….The NaturalHy Project

7. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 NaturalHy Project Objective Preparing for the hydrogen economy by defining the conditions under which the existing natural gas system can be used for mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas, and where hydrogen can be separated from the mixture downstream by membranes

8. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 The NaturalHy Project  39 European partners, including 15 from the gas business  Integrated Project within FP6  Budget of €17.3 million with €11 million grant from EC  Started 1 May 2004 for 5 years

9. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Project Partners  Gas companies and gas research institutes financed by gas companies  BP  Gaz de France  Gasunie  Shell Hydrogen  Statoil  Total  Transco  DBI  DGC  DEPA  GERG  IFP  IGDAS  ISQ  Naturgas Midt-Mord

10. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Project Partners (Cont’d)  Universities and Institutes  Technical University Berlin  National Technical University of Athens  Leeds University  Loughborough University  Högskolan i Borås  TUBITAK  University of Warwick  Ecole Nationale d’ingenieur de Metz  Norwegian University of Science and Technology  NEN  COGEN  ECN  HSE  TNO  CEA  PLANET  Manufacturers and Consultants  CSM  CMI  TOG  GE/PII  CETH  SAVIKO  Exergia  SQS

11. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Project Structure  Divided into six technical work packages  Production of H 2 not included  Hydrogen use not included  Key focus on:  Socio-economic and life cycle analysis  Durability and Integrity of pipelines  Impact on overall safety  Effect on existing gas appliances  Membranes to withdraw hydrogen  Decision tool to aid assessment of system suitability

12. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Safety Performance IntegrityStandards and norms Full H2 area H2- production Natural gas production Socio- economic & LCA Dissemination (in cooperation with HYSAFE) H2-Membranes Durability Collaboration with HYWAYS (roadmap development)

13. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Major Focus on Safety  Safety of Appliances  Flame instability?  Pipeline System Durability  Hydrogen induced cracks?  Will smaller defects lead to failure?  Are plastic pipes permeable for hydrogen?  Are meter seals permeable?  Pipeline Integrity  Will smaller defects be significant?  Can defects be detected and repaired?

14. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Major Focus on Safety  Safety of the Public  Increase in leakage due to hydrogen?  Increased likelihood of accidental release due to detrimental effect of hydrogen on materials?  Increased likelihood of ignition?  Increased severity of consequences (eg explosions) due to reactivity of hydrogen?

15. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Durability of Pipelines (HYSAFE Paper by Alliat and Heerings)  Laboratory tests to assess effect of H 2 on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth  Investigation of the effect of H 2 on the evolution of defects  Full scale fatigue and burst tests with defined defects  Numerical modelling of crack propagation  Laboratory tests on polymer permeability and ageing  Tests to assess effect of hydrogen on meter components

16. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Integrity of Pipelines (HYSAFE Paper by Alliat and Heerings)  Assess minimum critical defect size by predicting the crack growth behaviour in presence of hydrogen  Assess current inspection techniques for detecting minimum defect size and improve the techniques  Assess current repair techniques for use in presence of hydrogen and improve as required  Develop integrity management tool for specifying pipeline inspection and maintenance plans

17. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Assessing Public Safety  Safety of existing gas infrastructure quantified by considering: RISK = Likelihood of untoward Event x Consequences  Individual Risk is the sum of risk of all possible events that could affect a given individual  Societal Risk is the sum of risk of all possible events over the entire population  Regulators use established guidelines on the acceptable level of Societal Risk

18. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Objectives of Safety Work Package  To assess the change in Individual and Societal Risk caused by introducing hydrogen into the gas infrastructure  Identify if any risk reduction measures or operational changes are required to achieve acceptable risk levels  Identify the maximum ‘safe’ percentage of hydrogen that can be introduced into the existing natural gas infrastructure

19. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Scope of Safety Work Package  Determine turbulent burning velocity of hydrogen/natural gas mixtures  Assess leakage and the likelihood of failure  Assess the ignition probability  Assess the consequences of accidental natural gas/hydrogen releases  Gas accumulation, fires and explosions

20. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Scope of Safety Work Package  Modify the Risk Assessment Methodology  Apply Risk Assessment to sections of gas infrastructure assuming a hydrogen/natural gas mixture is being conveyed

21. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Large Scale Experiments  Required to assess consequences of gas releases. Experiments with up to 50% hydrogen to study:  Gas release and explosions in domestic environment and industrial enclosures  Vapour Cloud Explosions in congested regions  High pressure jet fires  Pipeline failures

22. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Summary  The NaturalHy Project aims to facilitate a transition to the hydrogen economy on a shorter timeframe by providing a transitional period based on using the existing gas infra-structure to convey a natural gas/hydrogen mixture

23. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Summary  The project will assess the feasibility of using the system for NG/H2 mixtures, establish the limits of operation and methods for extracting hydrogen  A strong emphasis is placed on the continued integrity of the pipeline system and the safety of the public

24. NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a Catalyst Project Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661 Want to Know More?  See our web-site on www.naturalhy.net