1. Unit I: Foundations of Community Health
Allender& Spradley 6th Edition
Unit I: Foundations of Community Health
Chapter 1
Ahmad adeeb
MsN.CCRN.RN
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Copyright (c) 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All Rights Reserved.

2. Introduction
In this unit the foundations for community health nursing are presented. Basic information about the definition and description of a community; the preparation for working in this discipline; the function, roles and settings for community health nursing; culture, ethics and values to consider in the community; and the structure, function and financing of health care is focused on in this unit.
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3. Community Health Nursing Opportunities and Challenges
Chapter 1
Community Health Nursing Opportunities and Challenges
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4. Objectives: Upon mastery of this chapter, you should be able to:
Define community health and distinguish it from public health.
Explain the concept of community.
Describe three types of communities.
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5. Objectives: Diagram the health continuum.
Differentiate among the three levels of prevention.
Analyze the six components of community health practice.
Describe the eight characteristics of community health nursing.
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6. Concept of Community
…collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging
List some communities:
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7. Community Health (CH) and Public Health (PH)
CH = “identification of needs and the protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area”
PH = “activities that society undertakes to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy”
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8. Three Types of Communities
1- Geographic = city, town, neighborhood
2- Common-interest = professional organization, people with mastectomies
3- Community of solution = group of people who come together to solve a problem that affects all of them
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9. Example of Communities of Solution
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10. Wellness-Illness continuum
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11. Six Components of Community Health Practice
1- Promotion of health
2- Prevention of health problems
3- Treatment of disorders
4- Rehabilitation
5- Evaluation
6- Research
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12. Allender& Spradley 6th Edition
Health Promotion
All efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well-being or higher levels of wellness
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Copyright (c) 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All Rights Reserved.

13. Levels of Prevention: Primary Secondary Tertiary
Keep illness or injury from occurring
Secondary
Efforts to detect and treat existing disease
Tertiary
Reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible level to minimize disability and restore or preserve function
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14. Describe Eight Characteristics of Community Health Nursing
1- Field of nursing:
shift from individual to aggregate (public)
2- Combines public health with nursing
Community-based & population focused
Public health sciences & nursing theory
3- Population focused
4- Emphasizes prevention
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15. Describe Eight Characteristics of Community Health Nursing
5- Promotes client responsibility & self-care
6- Use aggregate assessment measurement & analysis
7- Uses principles of organizational theory
8- Involves inter-professional collaboration
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16. END OF PART ONE …
BYE….
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17. Unit I: Foundations of Community Health
Chapter 2 Evolution of Community Health Nursing
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18. Objectives: Upon mastery of this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the four stages of community health nursing’s development.
Analyze the impact of societal influences on the development and practice of community health nursing.
Recognize the contributions of selected nursing leaders throughout history to the advancement of community health nursing.
Explore the academic and advanced professional preparation of community health nurses.
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19. Describe the four stages of community health development
Early Home Care (before Mid-1800s)
District (local) Nursing (Mid-1800s to 1900)
Public Health Nursing (1900 – 1970)
Community Health Nursing (1970 – present)
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20. Early home care (before Mid-1800s)
Religious and charitable groups
Elizabethan Poor Law
St. Vincent de Paul
Home deliveries
Industrial revolution
Florence Nightingale & Mary Seacole
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21. District Nursing (Mid-1800s to 1900)
Visiting Nursing (district nursing)
Care of individuals
Religious to private philanthropy
Health visitors backbone of primary health care system
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22. Public Health Nursing (1900 – 1970)
Expansion to health & welfare of the general public
Specialized programs
Lillian Wald: Public Health Nursing
Teachers College
National Organization for Public Health Nursing
Henry Street Settlement
National League of Nursing Education
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23. Community Health Nursing (1970 – present)
Public Health Nursing (Epidemiology)
Community-based clinics
Work Sites
Schools
Collaboration and interdisciplinary teamwork
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24. Analyze the impact of societal influences on CHN
Advanced technology
Causal thinking
Educational changes
Role changes for women
Consumer movement & changing demographics
Economic forces
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25. Identify five characteristics shared by all cultures
1- Learned
2- Integrated
3- Shared
4- Mostly tacit
5- Dynamic
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26. Case Study:
Assume that you have been asked to make a home visit to a 75-year-old man living alone whose wife recently died.
Besides assessing his individual needs, what additional factors should you consider for assessment and intervention that would indicate an aggregate or population-focused approach?
What self-care practices might you encourage or teach?
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27. Internet Resources
American Academy of Nursing:
American Assembly for Men in Nursing:
American Nurses Association:
American Nurses Credentialing Center:
American Nursing Informatics Association:
American Public Health Association:
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28. Internet Resources
National Association of Hispanic Nurses:
National Center for Health Statistics:
National League for Nursing:
Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing:
U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics:
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29. END OF PART TWO…
BYE….
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30. Unit I: Foundations of Community Health
Allender& Spradley 6th Edition
Unit I: Foundations of Community Health
Chapter 3 Roles and Settings for CHN
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Copyright (c) 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All Rights Reserved.

31. Objectives: Upon mastery of this chapter, you should be able to:
● Identify the three core public health functions basic to community among seven different roles of the community health nurse.
● Discuss the seven roles within the framework of public health nursing functions.
● Explain the importance of each role for influencing people’s health.
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32. Objectives:
● Identify and discuss factors that affect a nurse’s selection and practice of each role.
● Describe seven settings in which community health nurses practice.
● Discuss the nature of community health nursing, and the common threads basic to its practice, woven throughout all roles and settings.
● Identify principles of sound nursing practice in the community.
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33. Three Core PH Functions
1) Assessment
Regular collection, analysis and sharing of information about health conditions, risks and resources in a community
2) Policy Development
Use of assessment data to develop policy and direct resources toward those policies
3) Assurance
Availability of necessary services throughout the community
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34. Seven Roles & Influence on People’s Health
1- Clinician: focus on holism, health promotion, & prevention while using expanded skills
2- Educator: plan for community-wide impact
3- Advocate: Support client self-determination and responsive systems
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35. How Roles & Factors Influence People’s Health
4- Manager: Participative approach with community
5- Collaborator: multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership
6- Leadership: Change agent
7- Researcher: Systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and bring evidence-based findings to community settings
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36. Seven PHN Settings Homes Ambulatory Service Schools
Occupational Health
Residential Institutions
Parishes
Community at Large
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37. Nature & Common Threads Basic to Practice
Many nursing roles
Special skill sets
Assessment
Policy Development
Assurance
Variety of clients in specific situations
Collaboration with other institutions
Schools & Parishes
Occupational Health
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38. Principles of Sound Community Nursing Practice
Standards of practice
Standards of care
Management essential to all nursing roles
Community Nursing Process: assessment, planning, implementation, & evaluation
Case management
Essential Behaviors
Decision-making
Transferring information
Relationship building
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39. Internet Resources A Day in the Life of Public Health
Public Health Nursing Section of APHA
Ten Essential Services of Public Health
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40. TANK YOU ….
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