1. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

2. Population-focused Nursing
“Community” or “public” health nursing is population based.
Care may be given to individuals and families, but its purpose is the improvement of the health of the population as whole.

3. Community Health Nursing
A synthesis of nursing knowledge and practice and the science and practice of public health, implemented via systematic use of the nursing process and other processes, designed to promote health and prevent illness in population groups.

4. Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 1
Systematic and comprehensive population-based assessment, policy development, and assurance.
Partnering with representatives of the people.
Priority for primary prevention.
Intervention to create conditions for health.

5. Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 2
Active outreach
Concern for the population as a whole
Resource allocation supports maximum gain for the population.
Interdisciplinary collaboration
Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

6. Community Health Nursing Standards of Care - 1
Standard I. Assessment
Standard II. Diagnosis
Standard III. Outcomes identification
Standard IV. Planning
Standard V. Assurance
Standard VI. Evaluation
Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

7. Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 1
Standard I. Quality of care
Standard II. Performance appraisal
Standard III. Education
Standard IV. Collegiality

8. Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 2
Standard V. Ethics
Standard VI. Collaboration
Standard VII. Research
Standard VIII. Resource utilization
Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).

9. Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 1
Population consciousness
Health orientation
Autonomy
Creativity

10. Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 2
Continuity
Collaboration
Intimacy
Variability

11. Population Consciousness
An awareness of how information about individual clients or families relates to the health status of the total population

12. Health Orientation
An emphasis on health promotion and maintenance rather than the cure of disease or disability

13. Autonomy Active client participation in health decision making
Independent judgment and action by the community health nurse
Active client participation in health decision making

14. Creativity
An ability to develop innovative solutions to community health problems using available resources

15. Continuity
Long term relationships with clients
Provision of care across time as old problems are solved and new ones occur
Provision of care across multiple needs

16. Collaboration
Interaction and joint decision making with multiple health-related and non-health-related disciplines to address the health needs of population groups

17. Intimacy Potential for increased accuracy of nursing assessment
Potential for developing awareness of intimate details of clients’ lives
Potential for increased accuracy of nursing assessment

18. Variability In health problems addressed In settings for practice
In clients served
In health problems addressed
In settings for practice

19. Community Health Nursing Roles
Client-oriented roles
Delivery-oriented roles
Population-oriented roles

20. Client-oriented Roles
Caregiver
Educator
Counselor
Referral resource
Role model
Advocate
Primary care provider
Case manager

21. Caregiver
Uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing intervention to individuals, families, or population groups

22. Educator
Facilitates learning for positive health behavior change

23. Counselor
Teaches and assists clients in the use of the problem solving process

24. Figure 8–1 Problem Solving in Community Health Nursing

25. Referral Resource
Links clients to services to meet identified health needs

26. Role Model
Demonstrates desired health-related behaviors

27. Advocate
Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for themselves

28. Primary Care Provider
Provides essential health services to promote health, prevent illness, and deal with existing health problems

29. Case Manager
Coordinates and directs the selection and use of health care services to meet client needs, maximize resource utilization, and minimize the expense of care

30. Delivery-oriented Roles
Coordinator/Care manager
Collaborator
Liaison

31. Coordinator/Care Manager
Organizes and integrates services to best meet client needs in the most efficient manner possible

32. Collaborator
Engages in shared decision making regarding the nature of health problems and potential solutions to them

33. Liaison
Provides and maintains connections and communication between clients and health care providers or among providers

34. Population-oriented Roles
Community developer
Coalition builder
Researcher
Case finder
Leader
Change agent

35. Case Finder Geared toward awareness of population-level problems
Identifies clients with specific health problems or conditions
Geared toward awareness of population-level problems

36. Leader
Influences clients and others to take action regarding identified health problems

37. Change Agent
Initiates and facilitates change in individual or client behaviors or conditions or those affecting population groups

38. Community Developer
Mobilizes residents and other segments of the population to take action regarding identified community health problems or issues

39. Coalition Builder
Promotes the development and maintenance of alliances of individuals or groups of people to address a specific health issue

40. Researcher
Conducts studies to explain health-related phenomena and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to control them