1. Homeostasis and the adaptations that allow it!

2. The ability to maintain a stable, internal environment is called
HOMEOSTASIS

3. All organisms must be able to maintain homeostasis the same way humans do
They do this by:
Body organization (organ systems working together)
Physical adaptations (birds have wings that allow them to fly)
Behavioral adaptations (bears hibernate during the winter when food is scarce)

4. Requirements for Maintaining Homeostasis
An organisms must be able to sense changes in the external and internal environments
It must be able to respond to those changes with appropriate adjustments

5. Homeostasis involves the coordinated regulation of the body’s systems
Homeostasis is the body’s balancing act
Assuring that internal conditions in the body remain within normal limits
Healthy = Homeostasis = Balanced

6. Human Body Systems working together…

7. Explain how these two body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in humans:
and

8. Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
and
Muscular

9. Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
and
Muscular
The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.
Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment.

10. Respiration & The Human Body Systems
Oxygen +
Food
Energy +
Wastes
ATP (Energy) +
Carbon dioxide + Water
Oxygen +
Glucose
All Body Cells
Respiratory
Digestive
Circulatory
Excretory

11. Respiratory System
Brings oxygen into the body

12. Digestive System
Digests food – breaks it down into smaller nutrient molecules
Absorbs nutrient molecules into the bloodstream

13. Circulatory Systems
Transports substances, such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide throughout the body

14. All Body Cells Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration
Occurs in all body cells
ATP = stored energy
Some cells need more energy than others.
Which ones?
Muscle Cells

15. Excretory System Removes wastes: Lungs* – carbon dioxide and water
Kidneys – urea and water
Skin – perspiration (water & chemical wastes)
*part of cellular respiration process

16. Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
and
Muscular
Digestive
Excretory
Circulatory
Respiratory

17. Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
and
Muscular
The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.
Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment.
Digestive
Excretory
The digestive system breaks down food, and the excretory system removes wastes from the digestion process.
Circulatory
Respiratory
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body for cellular respiration, and the circulatory system carries that oxygen to cells. At the end of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste. The circulatory system carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, and the respiratory system removes it from the body.

18. 1. What two systems work together to help kick a soccer ball?
A. Digestive and Respiratory
B. Circulatory and Respiratory
C. Skeletal and Muscular
D. Nervous and Excretory

19. 2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the body?
Lungs
Kidneys
Brain
Skin
Bicep
Adrenal Gland

20. 2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the body?
Lungs
Kidneys
Brain
Skin
Bicep
Adrenal Gland

21. 3. What two systems work together to supply the cells with nutrients from the foods we eat.
Nervous and Digestive
Digestive and Respiratory
Digestive and Circulatory
Circulatory and Respiratory

22. toad
Animal Adaptations

23. Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild?
Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.

24. Adaptations
Adaptations- a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its habitat.

25. We can separate adaptations into two categories:
Physical
AND
Behavioral

26. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground.
Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
© A. Weinberg

27. Physical adaptation
Camouflage use of color to blend in with surroundings
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings.

28. Did you see…
a Cheetah? an Owl? an Octopus?

29. Camouflage
Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into
its surroundings.

30. Mimicry
the ability of some creatures to imitate others, either by sound or appearance
for protective purposes

31. (looking or sounding like another living organism)
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the Monarch!

32. Physical adaptation
Chemical defenses- Uses chemicals to warn off or confuse predators (like venom, ink, sprays)

33. Warning Coloration
Conspicuously recognizable markings of an animal that serve to warn potential predators of the nuisance or harm that would come from attacking or eating it. The bold patterns of skunks and the bright colors of poison arrow frogs are examples of warning coloration.

34. Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.

35. Behavioral Adaptations…
Now let’s learn about
Behavioral Adaptations…
Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs.

36. Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Remember that Physical Adaptations are body structures.
Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions.

37. We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:
Innate
Learned
These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned. Carried by genes and are inherited.
These behaviors must be learned or taught through observations and experience.

38. = Innate behaviors happen naturally & don’t need to be learned
Methods of gathering & storing food
Hibernating
Defending oneself
Finding shelter
Raising young
Migrating

39. Hibernation:is a state of inactivity in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and/or lower metabolic rate

41. Foraging- Storing up food for seasons when food is scarce.
May gain weight before hibernating.

42. Migration- Seasonal movements of organisms due to food availability or climate changes.

43. Learned behaviors
Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. =

45. Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Behavioral Adaptations can be
Instinctive or Learned.

46. Natural Selection
Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce
Being tan is a characteristic that helps the beetle survive,
ITS AN ADAPTATION!
Therefore, well adapted organisms will pass on beneficial adaptations to their offspring!

47. Natural Selection
Over time an adaptation will become more abundant in a population because it helps with survival.

48. Frog

49. Frog Anatomy and Adaptations
External Nares
Nictitating Membrane
Forelimb
Webbed Toes
Anterior
Posterior
Tympanic Membrane
Hind legs (jumping legs)

50. Nictitating Membrane
External Nares

51. Internal Nares
Maxillary Teeth
Esophagus
Vomerine Teeth
Glottis
Tongue
Eustachian Tubes

52. Now list some physical adaptations that the frog has that help it live in its environment

53. Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Esophagus
Stomach
Kidney
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Ureter
Cloaca
Anus