1. Chapter 26 Team Sports 26 Team Sports David L. Porretta C H A P T E R

2. Deaf Sport Excelling in sport—William Hoy and others Few modifications needed Sport organizations –USA Deaf Sports Federation (USADSF) –International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD), or Comité International des Sport des Sourds (CISS) Deaflympics

3. Basketball Game skills –Shooting –Passing –Dribbling Lead-up games and activities

4. Basketball Variations and Modifications Dwarf Athletic Association of America (DAAA) Special Olympics –Full court (5 on 5) –Half-court (3 on 3) National Wheelchair Basketball Association

5. Floor Hockey Game skills –Stick handling –Shooting and passing –Checking –Goalkeeping

6. Special Olympics Floor Hockey Similar to ice hockey Six players to a team Wooden or fiberglass sticks—resemble broom handles (goalie uses regulation hockey stick) Puck—circular felt disc with hole in center Face-offs, offsides, and violations are part of game Three line shifts per period; game consists of three 9-minute periods

7. Power Hockey All players use power wheelchairs. Plastic hockey sticks and plastic ball are used. Played indoors on a basketball-sized court. Teams composed of five on-floor players. Player classified into three levels.

8. American Football Game skills –Passing –Catching –Kicking –Blocking –Tackling Lead-up games and activities

9. Wheelchair Football Began in 1948 Universal Wheelchair Football Association (UWFA)—1997 Essential elements of the game –Played on hard, flat surface; about size of standard basketball court –Similar to touch football –Wheelchair-to-wheelchair contact –Six players per side (continued)

10. Wheelchair Football (continued) –Foam football used –Classification system used (three classes) –Major rule modifications Throwing ball replaces a kick Delayed rush can be used Clipping—contact behind opponent’s rear axle Holding—grabbing opponent’s wheelchair

11. Soccer Game skills –Running –Dribbling –Kicking –Trapping –Heading –Catching (goalie) Lead-up games and activities

12. Soccer Variations and Modifications Disabled Sports USA—for players with amputations BlazeSports National Disability Sports Alliance (BNSDA)—for players with CP and les autres –Indoor wheelchair soccer –Seven-a-side soccer Special Olympics –Eleven a side –Five a side

13. BNDSA Indoor Wheelchair Soccer Players classified into five functional classes (motorized chairs can be used). Teams composed of four to six on-court players. Played on gym floor with yellow rubber playground ball. Penalty shots and power plays are used. Wheelchair, limb, or any part of body can move the ball.

14. Seven-a-Side Soccer Designed for BNDSA class V-VIII players (ambulatory). Players not allowed to use crutches. No offside rule. Males and females can compete together. One class V or class VI player must be on field at all times. Underhand throw-in permitted.

15. Power Soccer Designed for persons in motorized (power) wheelchairs. Originated in Canada. Played on regulation basketball court. Teams composed of four players each. Males and females can compete together. Bumpers are placed on wheelchair footrests to help maneuver the ball and protect the player.

16. Softball Game skills –Throwing –Catching –Fielding –Hitting –Running Lead-up games and activities (continued)

17. Softball (continued) Sport variations and modifications –NBBA—beep baseball –NWSA—wheelchair softball –Special Olympics softball –Little League Challenger Division –Miracle League

18. Beep Baseball Teams composed of six on-field players (all must be blindfolded). Two sighted players function as pitcher and catcher on offense and as spotters on defense. Spotters cannot field balls; however, they assist other players in fielding. Object of game is to hit beep ball and reach one of two bases before opposing team fields the ball. (continued)

19. Beep Baseball (continued) Once ball is hit, batter runs to one of two bases (first or third) that has been activated by the base operator. Bases are padded cylinders that emit a buzzing noise when activated. Sighted pitcher tries to give up hits; sighted catcher assists batters in the batting box. Batter gets four strikes. There are three outs to an inning and six innings to a game.

20. Wheelchair Softball Played in manual wheelchairs. Game is played on smooth, level surface (e.g., playground or parking lot). Bases are level with playing surface (painted on the ground). Teams are balanced by a point system (classification). Teams are composed of 10 on-field players. Each team must have at least one player with quadriplegia participating in the game at all times.

21. Volleyball Game skills –Serving –Passing –Striking –Spiking Lead-up games and activities (continued)

22. Volleyball (continued) Sport variations and modifications –Disabled Sports USA –DAAA –Special Olympics Sitting and standing volleyball

23. Goalball Components include auditory tracking, agility, coordination, and teamwork. Game developed in Europe for persons with blindness. Game is played in a silent arena; goals are scored by rolling a hard rubber ball with bells inside of it across the opponent’s goal line. All players must wear blindfolds; most wear protective padding on elbows, knees, and hips. (continued)

24. Goalball (continued) Defensive players assume a kneeling, crouch, or lying position to stop the ball; once it is stopped, players have 10 seconds to throw it. Player must stay in their designated zones. There are three on-court players for each team. Game consists of two 10-minute periods. Penalties are assessed and penalty throws are taken. Sudden-death overtime periods are played in case of a tie after regulation play.

25. Goalball Skills and Lead-Up Games and Activities Game skills –Throwing –Blocking and ball control Lead-up games and activities

26. Quad Rugby United States Quad Rugby Association formed in 1988. Game also known as wheelchair rugby or murderball; developed in Canada. Designed for players who have quadriplegia; full chair contact is allowed. Teams are composed of four on-court players. A classification (point system) is used to equalize competition; males and females can compete on same team. (continued)

27. Quad Rugby (continued) Object of game is to carry a ball (volleyball) over the opponent’s goal line. Game is played on a regulation basketball court; a key area is located in front of each goal line (designated by cones). All defensive players cannot be in the key area at the same time. Game is composed of four 8-minute periods; sudden-death overtime periods in case of tie after regulation. Players committing fouls serve time in a penalty box; therefore opposing team has power play.

28. Quad Rugby Skills and Lead-Up Games and Activities Game skills –Wheelchair mobility –Throwing and catching Lead-up games and activities

29. Inclusion Match abilities to positions Teach to players’ abilities Modify equipment Unified Sports