1. Energie braucht Impulse EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Grid, Renewable Integration & Storage 2 nd Annual Smart Metering, ICT and Data Management Berlin, 9 th -10 th April, 2015 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Research and Development Hellmuth Frey

2. 2 Brief portrait EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG › Third-largest energy company in Germany › Business segments: electricity generation and trading, electricity grid and sales, gas, energy and environmental services › Annual revenue 2014: in excess of € 21 billion › Customers: some 5 million › employees: around 20,000

3. Aims of the Federal Government for 2050 › Energy consumption: –50 % › CO 2 -Emissions:–80… 95 % › RES-Generation: 80 % ›Renewable Generation as a base for future power supply › Grid and storage expansion › 2,1 % per year increase of energy efficiency › Energetic building restoration and energy efficient buildings as one important solution › After Fukushima: Complete nuclear energy phase–out until 2022 3

4. 4 Electricity system in a challenging environment Energy trading/ Liquidity of markets Increasing transit Conventional power plants Renewable energy Electric/Hybrid vehicles Distributed generation, Virtual power plants Heat pumps, CHP Storage technology Sourcen: www.vdew-bw.de; www.sparkasse-passau.de; www.hybrid-autos.info (Stand: 07.06.07)

5. 5 Development of renewable feed-in in Germany

6. 6 New paradigms in running energy systems › Yesterday: Consumption is always larger than renewables › Soon: More renewable power generation than consumption at the same time Power t = 24 h 2010 Power t = 24 h 20XX Conventional Power plants Renewable Energy Consumption Renewable Energy Consumption

7. 7 What can be done to integrate more renewables? › Network expansion › Increase electrical storage › Large storage devices (utilities, grid operation) › Small storage devices (industry, commercial users …) › Smart energy world › Alternative concepts: H 2, Power2Gas Source: dena2-Studie

8. 8 Plenty of storage technologies available Sources: FfE, ESA Power generation and distribution Clients

9. Competitive costs for storage remain a challenge 9 For comparison: › Grid costs for private customers: 0.06 €/kWh › New transport grid: 300 €/kW (dena II, distance 1000 km) Competitive costs for long-term storage are the biggest challenge!

10. Example pumped hydro storage plant › Planned project by EnBW › New upper and lower station with enlargement of existing lower water in Forbach as underground cavern storage 10

11. Example Pump Storage Plant › Possible construction model Seekopf › Cycle energy efficiency 70-80%, ca. 9 h 11

12. 12 The energy market will fundamentally change in the future › energy consumption regulates generation › regulation with a few big units YesterdayTomorrow › (renewable) generation regulates consumption › regulation with many power plants/storages › activating of flexibility in energy consumption consumption generation consumption Leistungsausgleich via tariff stimulation for all participants defines Leistungsregelung via central generation and storage coal NPP gas Wasser coal NPP gas Wasser

13. 13 Companies EnBW IT PV Smart metering μCHP, heat storage Internet portal Home appliances EVEV MeRegio-concept

14. › All energy services (both technically and commercially) › Trading platform for energy products, system services and value-added services › Increase energy efficiency and more local renewables by direct interaction of energy users and local generators via trading platform Project Minimum Emission Regions (MeRegio) 1000 test installations in Baden-Württemberg t [h]t [h] 0241218 6 price level SNT NT HT Normal power (25 ct/kWh) Saving power (20 ct/kWh) SuperSavingPower (15 ct/kWh) 14

15. 15 Course of action intelligent grid preliminary conclusion › Variable energy tariffs influence energy use by private customers, even in case of manual regulation by clients › Up to now maximum load influence at least 10 % during total time period › With an average load of about 500 W per household and with 1,000 clients about 50 kW controllable load influencing for grid or energy logistic goals could be gainable › Extrapolated to all households in Germany this leads to a magnitude, which comprises 50 % of the regulation market today

16. 16 › Products/Tariffs › New tariffs for private recharging › Load levelling products to stabilize the grid › New products for operation in isolated network › Technical Options › Public charging infrastructure › Battery products › Battery exchange systems › H 2 Commercial Options › Operator › Financial investor › Car-Sharing etc. Smart grids and technologies result in new products

17. 17 Alternative concepts: H 2 - Power2Gas › In the gas grid there is plenty of storage available („100 days storage“): › Pumped hydro capacity in electricity grid: 0.04 TWh (Source: BMU, 2011) › Gas storage capacity: 220 TWh (Source: BMU, 2011) › Gas storage capacity is large enough to store total wind energy generation in 2008 eight times! › Uses existing gas infrastructure › Production of › Hydrogen › Methane Source: http://www.powertogas.info

18. 18 H 2 - production from „surplus“ renewable electricity › Electricity + water -> H 2 (1 kWh power -> 0,7 kWh H 2 ) › Feeding in H 2 into the gas grid: up to 5% currently permissible › Local storage for stationary application (electricity, heat, CHP) › Methane production:H 2 and CO 2 -> Methane (CH 4 ) › Producing of H 2 for transportation (to replace fossil fuels) › Technologies well known, the challenges are … › Competitive electrolyser costs using intermittent renewables and few full load hours

19. Power to gas Methanation research, demonstration projects 19 Evaluation of technical concepts and interdependencies with the energy market Challenges: Overall system efficiency Dynamic operation (different processes) Costs Electrolyser H2 pipe H 2 storage tank CO 2 pipe Renewables feed in-point Private customer Heating station Gas pipe Methanation: CH4 from H 2 and CO 2 Gas-fired power plant Fluctuating renewables

20. 20 H 2 for traffic applications › 15 Mio t H 2 are necessary to replace fossil fuels › at least 200,000 MW Wind Off-Shore additionally › Precondition › Hydrogen powered power train must be competitive › New Hydrogen filling station infrastructure needs to be developed

21. 21 Heat storage to buffer the electricity grid? Hybridisation of the heat supply system › No additional infrastructure necessary! › Technical capability for long-term storage › Evolutionary decarbonisation of the heat market by renewable electricity › Efficient and technically simple alternative for H 2 - production › Stored energy = avoided gas consumption

22. Renewable integration and storage lead to a transformation of the energy system Regulatory frame- work Partici- pation Infra- structure Politics Industry Customer › A successful transformation of the energy system is highly dependent upon the interaction of three factors › Besides the politics and the industry also the customer has an active role in a future energy system. › All participants must be connected. › There are more research and innovation activities necessary. 22

23. 23 Elements of the smart energy future in Germany › A large share of intermittent renewable electricity production and battery electric vehicles need changes in the stationary energy system › The grid needs to be improved on all voltage levels › „Smart Grid“-systems are the basis for more energy efficiency and new products, i.e., electromobility › Storage is an option › For the energy market pumped hydro storage is most competitive in terms of capacity and costs › Battery systems for private customers will become more attractive due to increasing retail prices and contributions to the grid management › H 2 as storage for the stationary system (gas, electricity) may be a technical option even though uneconomical today › Surplus renewables for heating is very effective and helpful to decarbonise economy › Integrating electric vehicles and large shares of renewable energy is economically more challenging than technically: › New business/market models are desperately needed!

24. Thank you very much for your attention… Dipl.-Ing. Hellmuth Frey EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Research and Development Durlacher Allee 93 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany h.frey@enbw.com www.enbw.com