1. Sang-Chun Han Hwangjun Song Jun Heo International Conference on Intelligent Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP), Feb, 2008. 05/05 Feb 2009

2. Outline Introduction Proposed Algorithm Experimental Results Conclusion 2

3. Introduction To satisfy required QoS in wireless network (1/4): Fast Vertical Handoff: 3

4. Introduction To satisfy required QoS in wireless network (2/4): When multiple wireless networks are available: Fast Vertical Handoff: Involves changing the data link layer (Layer 2) technology. e.g. Between WLAN (802.11x) and UMTS (CDMA2000) Different from Horizontal Handoff between different AP. Between same technology only involved in Layer 3. Drawbacks: Sophisticated architecture, implementation cost, and a little transition time is unavoidable. 4

5. Introduction To satisfy required QoS in wireless network (3/4): Path Diversity (provide a Virtual Path): 5 Virtual Path ※ This Virtual Path is consisted of 2 physical paths.

6. Introduction To satisfy required QoS in wireless network (4/4): When multiple wireless networks are available: Path Diversity: The Mobile Node must provide more than one network interface. Objective of proposed algorithm: To provide a Virtual Path for video streaming by combining Path Diversity Technology, H.264 codec Rate Control, and Fountain Code. 6

7. 7 Proposed Algorithm m: The number of physical paths consisting of a Virtual Path. ※ Feedback Info are sent: (i) periodically: pre-determined time is expired. (ii) when the condition of virtual path changes significantly:

8. 8 Proposed Algorithm PS: packet's payload size. B gop : the amount of output bits for a GOP.

9. Proposed Algorithm Problem Formulation: Find the maximum encoding rate ( VR max ) and code rate ( C ) for video streaming subject to, and, where d: Delay d max : Tolerable Maximum Delay p blr : Block Loss Rate p max : Tolerable Maximum Block Loss Rate 9

10. Proposed Algorithm Problem Formulation: Step 1. Initialization: Derive Source Block Length: 10 PS: packet's payload size. B gop : the amount of output bits for a GOP.

11. Proposed Algorithm Problem Formulation: Step 2. Find Maximum Transmission Rate (TR max ): The delay to transmit a packet though the i th path by: The number of packets that are transmitted though the i th path satisfying the delay constraint: Therefore, the Maximum Transmission Rate of a virtual path: 11 fr: frame rate of video. n gop : the number of frames in a GOP. ※ PS: packet's payload size.

12. Proposed Algorithm Problem Formulation: Step 3. Determine the Code Rate (C): Now we can calculate BLR function P(K, C) as follows:, where and. We have to find largest C which satisfies: Consequently, the Maximum Encoding Rate (VR max ) is determined by: 12 ※ If: K=5, C=1/2 t = 10 Assume K’ = 6, Summation from i=5~10 means: All decoding failure cases!

13. Experimental Results 13 ※ Java is used to implement the proposed system.

14. Experimental Results The authors assume there are only two heterogeneous paths between a video server and a client. 802.11b and 802.11g Tolerable Maximum: Delay: 500ms Block Loss Rate: 0.01 Reference Software of H.264/AVC: JM12.4 Original JM Rate Control Mechanism are used. 14

15. Experimental Results GOP: Number of frames: 15 Structure is “IPPP…” Video sequence: CIF format HARBOUR. It consisted only 300 frames at 30fps. Simply repeat the same video sequence to support the 25sec experiment time. 15

16. Experimental Results 16 ※ Code rate decreases when PLR increases: Decoding Prob. is kept in the tolerable range at the cost of increased redundancy.

17. The number of GOP Experimental Results 17 ※ The number of packets in a source block is changed according to Delay. Code Rate and Video Encoding Rate are adaptive to the wireless channel status. Thus, the number of packets received through Virtual Path is always higher than K‘.

18. Experimental Results 18 The authors also experimented in the same condition with Reed-Solomon code. (255, 223) RS code, for R = 1.14 The same condition: “Second path” is more reliable than “First path”. Always successfully decoded using only “Second path”. Sometimes not decodable using two paths: 8th and 40th GOP are not decodable. Video freezes during 0.5 second when frame repetition method is used to conceal the loss.

19. Experimental Results 19

20. Conclusion By the experiment in the real wireless environment, the authors showed that Virtual Path using Fountain Code consolidates multiple paths for video streaming. This approach support higher bandwidth, lower delay, and lower BLR than traditional approach which use only one network at a time. In addition, seamless video streaming service is possible without a Vertical Handoff Time. 20

21. Thank you!