1. Performance measurement

3. Motivation Federal regulation – Intermodal surface transportation efficiency act of 1999 (ISTEA) – Transportation equity act for the 21 st century (TEA-21) Constraining funding resources Roles of transportation for non-transportation related objectives Need for policy/technology evaluation

4. Potential benefits Better direction of the resources to programs and projects Need to prioritize projects at the state and local level Improved correlation between agency goals and those desired by users and general public Improved accountability More informed decision

5. Broad categories of goals

6. Definitions Goal: a general statement of a desired state or ideal function of a transportation system Objective: a concrete step toward achieving a goal, stated in measurable terms. Performance measure: a measurable term used to achieve the objective.

7. Performance measures At the system level At the project level

8. What you choose as performance measures influences the types of projects you will choose

9. Dimensions of performance measure Goals and objectives Sector Mode Perspective Spatial scope Level of agency responsibility Time frame Intended use

15. What is a good performance measure? Appropriateness: corresponds to at least one goal/objective Measurability: can be measured with available data and resources Dimensionality: should capture required dimensions Realistic: if requires data collection, it should be feasible Defensible: easy interpretation for communication Forecastable: can be forecasted for the future using available data and resources

16. Performance measures tell nothing about the causal factors

17. Crash TypeGroup Before PeriodAfter Period Change b (%) (5 years)(2 years) SumAverage a SumAverage a Crashes on Segments Total Crashes Treatment Group8270.28572090.1805-36.8 Comp Group21640.22475370.1394-38 Vehicle Crashes Treatment Group5590.19311370.1183-38.7 Comp Group15110.15693670.0953-39.3 Pedestrian Crashes Treatment Group1750.0604430.0371-38.6 Comp Group4460.04631180.0306-33.9 Bicycle Crashes Treatment Group470.0162190.01641.1 Comp Group1120.0116250.0065-44.2 Injury and Fatal Crashes Treatment Group6120.21141530.1321-37.5 Comp Group15040.15623630.0942-39.7

18. Before Treatment After Treatment Differencet-ratiop-value Total Crashes 0.4070.360-0.047-1.190.235 Pedestrian Crashes 0.1210.091-0.030-1.510.131 Injury Crashes 0.2750.213-0.062-1.960.051 N = 535 Effect of speed hump

19. Differencet-ratiop-value Total Crashes -0.029-0.710.48 Pedestrian Crashes -0.017-0.660.51 Injury Crashes -0.008-0.200.85 N = 535 adjusted treatment effect = (crashes at – crashes bt ) – (crashes ac – crashes bc )

20. Examples http://shrp2webtool.camsys.com/Default.aspx

21. If you can teleport yourself instantaneously between home and school, what would be your ideal commute time? __________ minutes

22. Which choice would you choose? Choice 1: guaranteed that it takes 40 minutes to get to work. Choice 2: 60% of the chance that it will take 20 minutes and 40% of the chance that it will take 70 minutes.

29. Summary Results (percentage of crash change) 29 Purpose Safety Countermeasures Note Crash Location All Crashes Veh Crashes Ped Crashes Bike Crashes Inj Crashes Reducing Conflict Barnes Danceped-vehint-10%-12%-32%NA-5% Split Phase Timing ped-vehint-27%-25%-39%-20%-27% Increase Cycle Length ped-vehint-22%-17%-57%NA-12% Pedestrian Barrier ped-veh seg-29%-26%-39%NA-49% int-11%-12%-22%NA-11% Signal Installations all road users int-43%-46%-34%-49%-40% Left Turn Phaseveh-vehint-13%-9%-43%-21%-12% Left Turn Bayveh-vehint5%8%9%NA-3% Number in bold means the reduction is significant at 5% level; NA means the results are unavailable due to small sample sizes.

30. Summary Results (percentage of crash change) Purpose Safety Countermeasures Note Crash Location All Crashes Veh Crashes Ped Crashes Bike Crashes Inj Crashes Reducing Speed Posted Speed Limit Reduction corridors seg-22%-12%NA -17% int-13%-8%-36%NA-10% Speed Reducercity-wide seg-31%-28%-55%NA-37% int-10%-11%-3% -7% Changing Exposure Road Diet (reducing number of travel lanes and installing bike lanes) vehicle (-), bicyclists (+) seg-66% -60%NA-73% int-9%-14%-4%6%-14% Bike Lane (narrowing lanes and installing bike lanes) bicyclists (+) seg-4% -17%101%2% int4%-1%9%31%7% Bus Lane transit riders (+) seg23%16%43%-1%34% int4%-2%12%10%9% Other High Visibility Crosswalk pedestrian safety int4%29%-39%NA0% 30 Number in bold means the reduction is significant at 5% level; NA means the results are unavailable due to small sample sizes.

31. Data needs and analysis requirements Your ideal performance measures may not have readily available data to support them You may have to settle on less than ideal performance measures that do have available data And sometimes, the modeling requirements are too high

32. Typically available data sources Survey data – Household travel surveys – Workplace surveys – Hotel surveys – Transit on-board surveys – Truck surveys – External station surveys – Parking surveys

34. Typically available data sources Traffic monitoring – Vehicle volume counters – Vehicle classification recorders – Weight in motion

35. Typically available data sources Customer satisfaction and perception data Highway performance monitoring data