1. Software Defined Networks Saurav Das Guru Parulkar Nick McKeown With contributions from many others… A Presentation to the OIF 12 th July, 2011

2. Outline 2 Abstractions 2 Research Examples 2 Burning Questions 2 Trends

3. Outline 2 Abstractions 1.Flow Abstraction 2.Map Abstraction

4. 1. Flow Abstraction End – to – End Flow L4: TCP src/dst port L3: IP src/dst addr, IP proto L2.5: L2: Flow Identifiers Common Dest Flow L4: L3: IP dst prefix for China L2.5: L2: 4

5. 1. Flow Abstraction Classification of packets that have a logical association Action & Maintaining Flow State Flow based Accounting & Resource Management What is a Flow? L4: L3: IP src prefix for branch L2.5: L2: Flow Identifiers Common Src Flow L4: TCP dst port 80 L3: IP proto L2.5: L2: MAC src Web traffic from a Handset L4: L3: L2.5: MPLS Label ID L2: All packets between 2 routers 5

6. 1. Flow Abstraction Flow Identifiers L1: L0: (p2, p5, p7, p9) λ5 L1: L0: (p2, p5, p7, p9) (λ5, λ8, λ3) L1: L0: (p2, λ5), (p5, λ8), (p7, λ3) 6

7. 1. Flow Abstraction Flow Identifiers L1: p3, ts6, num3 L0: L1: p3, ts6, num3 p4, ts3, num3 p7, ts9, num3 L0: 7

8. Packet Switch Wavelength Switch Time-slot Switch Multi-layer Switch 1. Flow Abstraction L4 L3 L2.5 L2 L1 L0

9. Outline 2 Abstractions 1.Flow Abstraction 2.Map Abstraction

10. routing, access-control, mobility, traffic-engineering, guarantees, recovery, bandwidth-on-demand … 2. Map Abstraction Control Plane

11. routing, access-control, mobility, traffic-engineering, guarantees, recovery, bandwidth-on-demand … Control Plane Control Architecture 1.Flow Abstraction 2. Map Abstraction

12. Outline 2 Abstractions 1.Flow Abstraction 2.Map Abstraction Software Defined Networks (SDN)

13. Forwarding Hardware App Forwarding Hardware App Forwarding Hardware App Forwarding Hardware App Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System App Network Operating System App What is SDN? 13

14. App Forwarding Hardware App Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System A.Open interface to hardware C. Well-defined open API B. Network-wide Operating System (extensible, built to scale) The “Software-defined Network” The “Software Defined Network” 14 1.Flow Abstraction 2. Map Abstraction

15. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples 1.MPLS 2.Packet-Optical

16. MPLS and Flows Label Switch Router (LSR) LSPs Incoming packets Classification Into FECs Flow state in Head-end LER MPLS network IP networkLabel Switched Path (LSP) Label Edge Router (LER) MPLS has Flow Abstraction

17. Why do Service Providers use MPLS? Really about 2 services MPLS Services MPLS VPNs MPLS - TE Motivation Highly profitable No easy way Older ways not used Motivation Deterministic Behavior Efficient Resource Utilization Older ways not used

18. OSPF-TE RSVP-TE LDP I-BGP LMP MP-BGP MPLS Services MPLS lacks Map Abstraction Label Switched Path (LSP)

19. Introducing Map Abstraction in MPLS OSPF-TE RSVP-TE LDP I-BGP OpenFlow NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM Routing Routing Discovery Discovery Label Distribution Label Distribution Recovery Recovery TE TE LMP MP-BGP PUSH Simpler Data Plane Simpler Control Plane Services Network Applications Label Switched Path (LSP)

20. Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Prototype System Network Operating System (NOX) GUI (Envi) showing real-time network state GUI (Envi) showing real-time network state Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane OpenFlow MPLS GUI MPLS API MPLS Stats CSPF Routing MPLS-TE Auto – route; Auto – bandwidth Traffic – aware LSPs; Priorities TE-LSP configuration Mininet Environment

21. Video of a Demonstration showing MPLS-TE service with the Map Abstraction 21 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpttFVKUrzs&feature=channel_video_title

22. TE-LSP Features 1.Auto-route 2.Auto-bandwidth 3. Priorities 4.Load-share 5.Diffserv aware Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) 6.MPLS FRR 7.Explicit Routes 8.Re-optimization timers 4000 lines of code Vs. 80,000 + ?

23. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples 1.MPLS 2.Packet-Optical

24. Prototype 24 Hybrid Packet-Circuit Switches Packet switches NOX

25. Prototype – Emulated WAN SAN FRANCISCO HOUSTON NEW YORK NOX OpenFlow Protocol 25 GE links OC-48 links (2.5 Gbps)

26. Implementation of Control Architecture 26 NOX Interface: OpenFlow Protocol Packet & Circuit Switches Converged Network Unified Control Plane 1.Common Flow Abstraction 2. Common Map Abstraction Application across packet and circuits

27. VOIP HTTP VOIP HTTP VIDEO Example Network Application Control Function: Treat different kinds of traffic differently Function Impl.: Use both packets and circuits, at the same time. Traffic-typeDelay/JitterBandwidthRecovery VoIPLowest DelayLowMedium VideoZero JitterHighHighest WebBest-effortMediumLowest

28. Video of a Demonstration of network application on Prototype 28 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yq3yLPtOxpc&feature=relmfu

29. TDM ports Programming Flow Tables GE ports Packet Switch Fabric Packet Switch Fabric TDM Switch Fabric VPort3 P11 VC4 1 P22 VC4 4 Virtual Port Packet Switch Fabric Packet Switch Fabric IP_dst = 10.3.3.1/32Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.2.0/20Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.36.1/24Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.13.24/28Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.100.1/24Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.66.60/32Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.55.200/32Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.0.0/16Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.78.80/27Out p2 IP_dst = 10.3.3.189/32Out p2 p2Out VPort3IP_src = 10.44.0.10/16Out p2 IP_src = 10.44.0.10/16, TCP 80 Out p2 IP_src = 10.44.0.10/16, UDP 1234 Out p2 IP_src = 10.44.0.10/16, TCP 5060 Out p2 +vlan30, Out p2 +vlan50, Out p2 +vlan75, Out p2 P2, vlan30 P2, vlan50 P2, vlan75 Out VPort7 Out VPort9 Out VPort3 VPort7 7 P22 VC4 VPort9 1 P33 VC4 P33 VC4 10

30. Why is it Simpler? 30 NOX Packet and Circuit Switches Converged Network 2000 lines of code Unified Control Plane 1.Common Flow Abstraction 2. Common Map Abstraction Application across packet and circuits Interface: OpenFlow Protocol

31. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples – MPLS & Packet-Optical 2 Burning Questions 1. Is Common Map practical? 2. What about Scale?

32. 32 1. Is Common Map practical? Extensibility NOX Packet and Circuit Switches Converged Network Unified Control Plane 1.Common Flow Abstraction 2. Common Map Abstraction Interface: OpenFlow Protocol 1.Map Building & State- Distribution abstracted away 2. Full View

33. 1. Is Common Map practical? Some well-known problems: Q: Transport network operators dislike giving up (manual) control. Is there a gradual adoption path? Q: IP and Transport networks will not share information. How to build a common map? Answer to both: Slicing Slice == Bandwidth + Switching

34. OpenFlow Protocol C CK P P P P Gradual Adoption Path CC Slicing Plane Under Transport Service Provider (TSP) control ISP ‘A’ Client Controller OpenFlow Protocol ISP ‘B’ Client Controller ISP ‘C’ Client Controller 34

35. Common Map PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ISP# 1’s NetOS App PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ISP# 2’s NetOS App PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM Transport Service Provider’s (TSP) virtualized network Internet Service Provider’s (ISP# 1) OF enabled network with slice of TSP’s network Internet Service Provider’s (ISP# 2) OF enabled network with another slice of TSP’s network TSP’s private line customer

36. ISP# 1’s network PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH Packet (virtual) topology Actual topology Notice the spare interfaces..and spare bandwidth in the slice 36

37. ISP# 1’s network PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH Packet (virtual) topology Actual topology ISP# 1 redirects bw between the spare interfaces to dynamically create new links!! 37

38. ISP# 2’s network Packet (virtual) topology Actual topology PKT ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM PKTPKT ETHETH ETHETH SONETSONET SONETSONET TDMTDM ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ETHETH ISP# 2 uses variable bandwidth packet links!! Only static link bw paid for up-front 38

39. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples – MPLS & Packet-Optical 2 Burning Questions 1. Is Common Map practical? 2. What about Scale?

40. Different Possibilities Control Plane Data Plane OpenFlow Protocol Research and Prototyping Enterprise/DataCenter Networks Carrier Networks

41. 2. What about Scale? Limiting Resources Memory Compute Consistency overhead DHTs DBs Resilience & Coordination Mechanisms Zookeeper Dynamo Cassandra MongoDB Etc. Source: Martin Casado, Nicira

42. 2. What about Scale?

43. 43 Why Does This Approach Scale? Per Packet Per Flow Per Network Event No Consistency Eventual Consistency 10 6 – 10 8 /s 10 3 – 10 6 /s 10 1 – 10 3 /s Modification of Control Program Strong Consistency0 - 10/s Source: Scott Shenker, Berkeley

44. Some Published Numbers 1 Onix instance – 64 switches Cluster of 5 Onix instances Onix: A distributed control platform for large- scale production networks. Teemu Koponen, et al. OSDI October 2010. Latency < 300 us Throughput ~ 200,000 flows/sec Convergence time: same or better than IGP

45. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples – MPLS & Packet-Optical 2 Burning Questions 1. Is Common Map practical? 2. What about Scale? 2 Trends 1.Research & Educational Networks (RENs) 2.Commercial Networks

46. Trials (April 2010) 70+ trials/deployments in 13 countries

47. NSF GENI OpenFlow Deployment

48. Internet2 NDDI

49. OFELIA OpenFlow in Europe: Linking Infrastructure and Applications

50. Outline 2 Abstractions & SDN 2 Research Examples – MPLS & Packet-Optical 2 Burning Questions 1. Is Common Map practical? 2. What about Scale? 2 Trends 1.Research & Educational Networks (RENs) 2.Commercial Networks

51. Home Network Carrier Network Data Center Network Cellular Network Enterprise Network SDN Target Domains of Use

52. Open Networking Foundation (ONF) Mission Publish Open Interfaces & Promote SDN

53. Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Linux Mac OS Mac OS x86 (Computer) x86 (Computer) Windows (OS) Windows (OS) App Linux Mac OS Mac OS Mac OS Mac OS Virtualization layer App Controller 1 App Controller 2 Controller 2 Virtualization or “Slicing” App OpenFlow Controller 1 NOX (Network OS) NOX (Network OS) Controller 2 Controller 2 Network OS Computer IndustryNetwork Industry Trend 53

56. Deutsche Telekom Verizon Google Microsoft Facebook Yahoo! Comcast NTT Big Switch Networks Pronto Systems Midokura Nicira Networks Plexxi Inc. Brocade Cisco Extreme Networks Force10 Networks Juniper Networks Huawei Technologies NEC Netgear Ciena Ericsson Fujitsu Vello Systems Nokia Siemens Networks Dell HP IBM Broadcom Intel Marvell Netronome Citrix VMware CompTIA Ixia Mellanox Technologies Metaswitch Networks IP Infusion ONF Membership Riverbed Technology Infoblox

57. Interop, May 2011 Demos: 16 companies demonstrated OpenFlow Best of show: NEC OpenFlow switch

58. Summary 2 Abstractions 1.Flow Abstraction 2.Map Abstraction 2 Research Examples 1.MPLS 2.Packet-Optical 2 Burning Questions 1.Is Common Map practical?  Slicing 2.What about Scale?  Distributed Systems 2 Trends 1.Research & Educational Networks (RENs) 2.Commercial Networks  ONF Software Defined Networks (SDN)

59. One Last Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie9EW4HmSwI