1. F AILURE OF C OLLECTIVISATION Raymond Chan (4) Chik Cheng Yao (5) Cho Ming En (6) James Ang (11) 3I3

2. D EKULAKISATION Dekulakisation was carried out as part of collectivisation Over 1 million Kulak families affected

3. L IFE Most farmers became worse of than their fathers or grandfathers who were serfs

4. G RAIN From 1931-1934, bad weather caused poor harvests Collectivised farms had to hand great amounts of grain to government Due to growing urban population Production only increased in 1930 1934 < 1928 Kulaks burnt crops

5. G RAPH FOR G RAIN

6. G RAPH INTERPRETATION The graph tells us that collectivisation caused a decrease in actual grain harvest in the short term but successfully increased harvest in the long term. There was an overall increase in grain taken by state and grain exported, meeting an aim of collectivisation, despite the overall decrease in overall grain harvest. Hence, the famine of 1932-1933 can be said to have been caused by the government, which did not look after the citizens’ needs.

7. D EATHS From 1932-1934, there was a famine especially in Ukraine 1.75 million tons of grain exported during 1932-3 while 5 million peasants starved to death Many also died as they refused to join collective farms Around 10 million kulaks were executed Due to the deaths, some collectivised farms collapsed.

8. L IVESTOCK Dramatic falls in number of livestock Peasants chose to kill animals rather than hand them over to collective farms There was not enough to feed the animals Horses were important in agriculture 1953 before livestock recovered to 1928 numbers

9. G RAPH FOR L IVESTOCK

10. G RAPH INTERPRETATION The graphs for all three types are similar in shape. It tells us that livestock numbers decreased drastically from 1928-1933 and increased (still being lower than 1928 numbers) from 1933-1935 An event probably occurred in 1933 causing this.

11. R EFERENCES Lowe, Norman. Mastering Modern World History. (Palgrave, 1997). Chapter 16, pg 325 Oxley, Peter. Russia 1855-1991: From Tsars to Commissars. Chapter 9