1. Unit #5 Europe Vocabulary

2. Cultural Hearth - a place where important ideas begin Cultural diffusion - spread of a culture, idea, behavior or object from one society to another. Language Family - A group of related languages that have descended from a common language. Dialect – variations of a language that are unique to a region Multilingual – many languages spoken and understood in one area

3. Christianity – Monotheistic religion derived from the teachings of Jesus Christ. Protestant – A Christian who is not a member of the Roman Catholic or Orthodox churches Roman Catholic - The Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by the pope Eastern Orthodox - A Christian body that views itself: *as the continuation of the original Christian community Islam - a religion based on a belief in one god and the teaching of Muhammad

4. Annex – to formally add territory Renaissance – a great rebirth of art and learning that began in the 1300s Enlightenment - gaining new spiritual knowledge or insight Agriculture – Raising crops or livestock Industrial – Using machines and factories to produce goods

5. Push Factor - Factors or reasons why people move away from a place Pull Factor – Factors or reasons why people move to a place Immigrant - A person who moves to a country from another country. Minority – a group that has fewer members than the major group

6. Dikes – an earth or stone barrier, for holding back water to prevent floods Polders - reclaimed land from below-sea- level Canton – states or provinces in Switzerland Navigable – deep and wide enough for ships to travel

7. Geothermal energy – energy generated from the heat in the interior of the earth Scandinavia - A cultural region consisting of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and Finland Glacier – A slowly moving mass of ice Fjord – long deep flooded glacial valleys

8. prevailing westerlies – the constant flow of air from west to east in temperate zones Straits – A narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water Secular - Not specifically related to religion Crossroads – A place where two or more roads or travel routes meet

9. Genocide – the constant flow of air from west to east in temperate zones Instability – A narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water Ideology – ideas reflecting the social needs and beliefs of a group or individual westernized – Industrialy and socially developed similar to western Europe and North America agrarian – Society based on Agriculture

10. Global warming - the increase in average global temperatures due to the greenhouse effect. Pollution - the contamination of air, land and/or water with harmful or poisonous substances Greenhouse gases - gasses in the atmosphere which are responsible for the Greenhouse Effect Acid rain - Rain that contains acidic compounds

11. European Union (EU) - A group of European countries working together for the benefit of everyone in the group. Supranationalism – Decisions are made by independent officials selected by the member nations of an international organization Examples – United Nations, NATO, European Union Euro (€) – The currency/money used by the European Union.