1. CALM Architecture and Network
SeVeCOM Workshop
Lausanne 1-2 February 2006
CALM Architecture and Network

2. What is CALM?

3. CALM - Overall Continuous Air interface for Long and Medium distance
ISO TC204/WG16 – Wide Area Communications
Support user transparent continuous communications
CALM is the first open way to combine GPRS with vehicle-optimized WLAN technology. - NOT a complicated collection of new, unproven radio technologies
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4. CALM Communication Scenarios
RSE
5.8GHz
DSRC
vehicle-to-vehicle *
(CALM 5 or 60 GHz)
portable-to-
vehicle
RSE-to-
RSE *
Hot-Spot
(WiFi)
Satellite
Broadcast
GPS/GALILEO
Terrestrial
2G/3G
WiMAX
CALM M5
WAVE *
CALM
IR *

5. CALM Applications Support of Internet services
Support of traditional ITS apps – media independent through DSRC L7
New generation of applications:
Major push in safety – Vehicle Safety Communication
New commercial applications made possible by high data rate & long range.
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6. Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 1
CVO - Tractor-Trailer Interface
CVO - Rollover Warning
CVO - Electronic Border Clearance
CVO - Weigh Station Bypass Clearance
CVO - CVO Fleet Management
CVO - Onboard Safety Data Transfer
CVO - Tractor-Trailer Matching
CVO - Transit Vehicle Data Transfer
CVO - Vehicle Safety Inspection
CVO - Drivers Daily Log
OTHER SERVICES - Probe Data Collection
OTHER SERVICES - Access Control
OTHER SERVICES – Vehicle Manufacturer Info
PAYMENTS - Toll Collection
PAYMENTS - ITS Service Payment
PAYMENTS - Other ePayments
PAYMENTS - Rental Car Processing
PAYMENTS - Parking Payment
PAYMENTS - Food Payment
PAYMENTS - Fuel Payment
SAFETY - Vehicle-to-vehicle Data Transfer
SAFETY – Highway-Rail Intersection Warning
Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Streaming
Traffic Information - Map Updates
Traffic Information - Mobile Internet
Traffic Information - Traffic Data
Traffic Information - Traveller Information
Traffic Information - Vehicle Registration (EVI)
Traffic Information - Transit Vehicle Priority
Traffic Information - Diagnostic Data Transfer
Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Block
Traffic Information - Audio Transfer - Block
Traffic Information - Video Transfer - Streaming
Traffic Information - Repair Service Record
Traffic Information - Vehicle Software Updates
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Emergency Vehicle Signal Pre-emption
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intersection Emergency Vehicle Approaching
VSC - RSU to OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Emergency Scene Data Networking
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Collision Warning
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7. Services defined for 5 GHz medium - 2
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Pre-crash Sensing
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Intersection Collision Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Road Feature Notification
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Curve Speed Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Visibility Enhancer
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Electronic Brake Lights
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Instant (Problem) Messaging
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Merge Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Post-Crash Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Merge Assistant
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Lane Change Assistant
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Left Turn Assistant
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistant
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Glare Reduction
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Blind Spot Warning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Platooning
VSC - OBU-to-OBU - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Infrastructure-based Traffic Probes
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - SOS Services
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Post-Crash Warning
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Just-in-Time Repair Notification
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent On-ramp Metering
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Intelligent Traffic Lights
VSC - OBU-to-RSU - Blind Merge Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Map Downloads and Updates
VSC - RSU to OBU - Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation
VSC - RSU to OBU - GPS Corrections
VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Headlight Aiming
VSC - RSU to OBU - Adaptive Drivetrain Management
VSC - RSU to OBU - Merge Assistant
VSC - RSU to OBU - Sign Information (warning assistance)
VSC - RSU to OBU - Point-of-Interest Notification
VSC - RSU to OBU - Curve Speed Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Highway/Rail Collision Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Animal Crossing Zone Information
VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Bridge Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Work Zone Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Keep Clear' Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Wrong-way Driver Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Left Turn Assistant
VSC - RSU to OBU - Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian Crossing Information
VSC - RSU to OBU - Pedestrian/Children Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - School Zone Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Stop Sign Movement Assistance
VSC - RSU to OBU - Traffic Signal Warning
VSC - RSU to OBU - Low Parking Structure Warning
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8. TC204/WG16 Co-operation
IEEE p and P1609 – Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment (WAVE) - Co-operation agreement with WG16
ETSI ERM TG37 – 2G/3G standards, spectrum and test standards,…
IETF – Internet Network Mobility (NEMO)
ITU-R WP 8A – Global radio standards
USA projects: VSCC and VII
Japan projects: CALM Proof-Of-Concept,…
Europe projects: C2C-CC, CVIS, SafeSpot,…
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9. What is CALM? Technically!

10. CALM classic architecture
ISO TC204
ITS APPLICATIONS
IPv6 layer
TCP
UDP
Service
QoS
Interface
Selection
Handover
Stream &
Realtime
Protocols
ISO
DSRC L7
HTTP/
SMTP
MAC
802.11p
WAVE
Init
Hnd-
ovr
Secur
2G/3G
GSM
GPS/Galileo
L2/UDP …
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11. CALM System Architecture (21217) (Rev. Geneva)
CME
CALM
Manager
ISO 21210
CME
Registration of
Ingress/Egress
Interfaces
Application
Management ISO 24101
Non-CALM-aware
ISO based
APPLICATIONS
Non-CALM-aware
IP (Internet)
APPLICATIONS
CALM-Aware
APPLICATIONS
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
Convergence Layer
Part of ISO ISO 21210
Convergence Layer
IP socket/ ISO 21210
TCP/UDP/…
INTERNET STANDARDS
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
SAP
NME
Network
Manager
ISO 21210
NETWORK INTERFACE
Routing and Media Switching based on IPv6
ISO 21210
SAP
SAP …
GPRS
EDGE
2G Cell
Manager
ISO 21212
ISO 21218
SAP
SAP …
cdma2k
UMTS
3G Cell
Manager
ISO 21213
ISO 21218
SAP …
IR-B
IR-A
ISO 21214 IR
Manager
ISO 21218 …
WiFi M5
ISO 21215
W-LAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
RADAR
MM-J
MM-E
ISO 21216
Millimeter
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
K-DSRC
J-DSRC
C-DSRC
DSRC
ISO15628
ISO 24103
SAP …
HC-SDMA
WiMAX
ISO 24xxx
W-MAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218 …
DAB
GPS
ISO 24xxx
Broadcast
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218 …
W-USB
BlueT
ISO 24xxx
PAN
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
Ether
AMIC
CAN
ISO 24xxx
Wired
Manager
SAP
ISO 21218
IME
Interface Manager
ISO 24102
ISO 21218
SAP
CALM Media
External Media
CALM Network
21218 = LSAP
Applications
Data SAP
Management SAP
SAP
SAP
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12. CVIS β + γ Vehicle Architecture
OEM G/W
Real-time
Applications
CALM Network
Layer
C2C Switch
Layer
Sensors, HMI
and Control
Firewall
In-Vehicle App
Ethernet RT
Link
IVN DLL
IVN DLL
Ethernet
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
Ref pt
In-vehicle OEM networks CAN/VAN/MOST/AMI-C..
ITS In-Vehicle Network 100baseT Ethernet
Real-time
Applications
CVIS Integrated Mobile Router
Nomadic device Gateway
CME.
Router
IME.
NME.
CALM Routing
Comms
gateway
Network
Network
DSRC L1
DSRC L2/L7
DSRC Convergence
Network
GPRS PHY
GPRS Stack
GPRS Convergence
Network
GPS PHY
GPS Stack
GPS Convergence
Network
C2C-CC
Fast Net
Ethernet
CALM LLC
CALM MAC
Blue-
tooth
Ethernet
CALM M5 PHY
Blue-
tooth
Combined Antenna Pod
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13. Communication Scenarios
CALM defines 5 communication scenarios:
0 – V2I Non-IPv6 communications
1 – V2I/V2V Local IPv6
2 – V2I MIPv6
3 – V2I NEMO
4 – V2V Non-IPv6
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14. CALM M5: C2C-CC & WAVE IP Applications (Deployment)
Geoaddressed applications
(e.g. active safety)
IP Applications (Deployment)
WAVE Short Message Apps
TCP / UDP
WSMP
IPv6 B
C2C-CC Network Layer C A B
LLC/MAC (IEEE p)
C2C MAC
P1609.4
PHY (IEEE p)
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15. What about IEEE?

16. Draft IEEE Standards IEEE 1609.1: WAVE Resource Manager
Defines “Basic Application Platform”
Application data read/write protocol between RSU and OBU
First application available for testing purposes
IEEE : 5.9 GHz Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Radio Service Security
Defines 5.9 GHz DSRC Security (formerly IEEE 1556)
Anonymity, Authenticity and Confidentiality
IEEE : WAVE Networking Services
Provides description and management of the DSRC Protocol Stack
Application interfaces
Network configuration management
WAVE Short Message (WSM) transmission and reception
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17. Draft IEEE Standards (cont’d)
IEEE : WAVE Multi-Channel Operation
Provides DSRC frequency band coordination and management
Manages Lower Layer usage of the seven DSRC channels
Integrates tightly with IEEE p
IEEE p: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)
Defines the Lower Layers of the communications stack
Radio wave forms and wireless medium access procedures
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18. IEEE Standards Status
Latest IEEE 1609 draft documents completed in December 2005
IEEE 1609 status:
completed sponsor ballot, 500+ comments
1609 part 2-4 launched mid-January for 30 days sponsor ballot. Many comments are expected
Project approval all parts expected June 2006.
IEEE p is also progressing
Latest pre-Hawaii draft is D0.25
Possible ballot in March 2006? (IEEE )
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19. IEEE Security Services
5.9 GHz DSRC uses Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to sign and/or encrypt DSRC data
Anonymity (prevents tracking - Privacy)
MAC address randomization
Security certificates may also be periodically changed
Opt-in services may not require anonymity
Authenticity
Digital signatures protect against various malicious security threats
Confidentiality
Data may also be encrypted to provide data privacy
Safety messages broadcast from RSUs do not always require encryption (digital signatures are always required)
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21. CALM and Security CALM relates to security as follows:
Interface specific for lower layers or low latency
Application or protocol specific for higher layers (ETC, IPSEC,…)
There are no specific security means built into CALM
Vehicle Probe Data (ISO 24100) has provisions for protection of privacy.
CALM is interested in input from SeVeCOM. Liaison?
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22. How to get more info
ISO TC204/WG15 Convenor: T. Russel Shields
ISO TC204/SG15.0 Convenor: Knut Evensen
ISO TC204/SG15.1 Convenor: Bob Williams
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23. Extra Slides
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24. Example: Full Vehicle Architecture
Central Router
Computer
Computer
Firewall
Directory
services
CME .CM
ITS Application
INTERNET
SERVICE
SAP
CALM Network
Layer 3-4
Routing
Sensors
and Control
Layer 5-7
Layer 5-7
OEM G/W
NME
.CM
SAP
SAP
CALM Network
Layer 3-4
CALM Network Layer 3-4
Network
In-Vehicle App
IVN DLL
Convergence
IVN DLL
Convergence
IME
.CM
Convergence
IVN DLL
IVN DLL
IVN DLL
IVN DLL
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
IVN PHY
In-vehicle OEM network
ITS In-Vehicle Network
CALM MR 1
CALM MR 2
CME
.MR1
CME .MR2
Routing
CALM Network
Network
Layer 3-4
Network
Layer 3-4
CALM Network
SAP
NME
.MR2
Convergenc
N-Layer
NME. MR1
SAP
Routing
CALM LLC
IVN DLL
Convergence
CELL Netw
IVN DLL
SAP
IME.MR1
MLME
PLCP/
PLME
CALM MAC
IME
.MR2
CELL DLL
SAP
CALM M5 PHY
IVN PHY
Cellular PHY
IVN PHY
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25. Example – Early Vehicle Architecture
CME
.CM
RESOURCE MANAGER, ISO14906
ITS INTERNET
APPLICATION
Traffic
Management
Application
Application Interface ISO15628
Socket TCP/UDP
Socket
UDP
NME
.CM
VEHICLE
COMPUTER
CALM NETWORK LAYER – IPv6
CALM Routing
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER
IME
.CM
IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER
CALM Mobile Router (“CALM Modem”)
CME
.MR
IME
NME
CALM Routing
ITS In-Vehicle
Connection
Network
IVN DLL
IVN PHY
CALM M5 PHY
CALM MAC
CALM LLC
Network
GPRS PHY
GPRS Stack
GPRS Convergence
Network
DSRC L1
DSRC L2/L7
DSRC Convergence
Network
GPS PHY
GPS Stack
GPS Convergence
Network
Combined Antenna Pod
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26. Application Requirmt List
CALM Manager
Interface
Protocol
Application
Policies
User Interface
Routes
Interface Status List
Application Requirmt List
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27. 5 GHz Spectrum (not exact!)
Europe
HiperLAN
BRAN
Japan
”j-band”
North Ameri
U-NII
U-NII - New
Old
ISM band
ISM
CALM M5
WAVE?
Configurable or regionally fixed part
Dedicated ITS (DSRC)
Requested : Global ITS Safety allocation
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28. What is CALM M5?

29. US DSRC (WAVE)
WAVE is IEEE p Wireless Access for Vehicles - as required by US DoT/VSCC/VII/…
WAVE is optimised for US channel plan
WAVE protocols are optimised for current single-radio technology.
No GSM or other technology is included.
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30. CALM M5 CALM M5 incorporate WAVE and adds:
Global (European) 5 GHz spectrum
Regulatory domain (border) management
Directivity and EMC control
CEN DSRC co-operation
Multiple radio/interface/antenna management
GPRS/UMTS network interconnectivity
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