1. “ WORK IS A BASIC HUMAN NEED”

2. The unemployed/poor can be consider as “social groups in the weak sense of the term, being either a simple statistical grouping of individuals with similar characteristics or a grouping of ideal typical social ‘figures’ used to describe the victims of a particular micro- and macro - social exclusion process”(Strobel, 1996:181).

3. the unemployed /poor as a social category or even as a social class (“underclass”) in the strong sense of this term

4. UNEMPLOYMENT AND DISCRIMINATION AND OPPRESSION IN POLAND AND HUNGARY

5. In Poland the unemployment level at the moment is 18% In Poland the unemployment level at the moment is 18% In Hungary is about 7 % In Hungary is about 7 %

6. Unemployment is making an influence on lives of single people, families and communities.

7. Unemployment makes it difficult for the family to realize its economical function, Unemployment makes it difficult for the family to realize its economical function, Polish research shows, that almost all of the families of unemployed, don`t get the income at the level of social minimum, and certain part of them lives on the edge of poverty. Polish research shows, that almost all of the families of unemployed, don`t get the income at the level of social minimum, and certain part of them lives on the edge of poverty. Also in Hungary situation of unemployed is difficult with regard for lack of money. Also in Hungary situation of unemployed is difficult with regard for lack of money.

8. What part is the state playing in the mechanics of creating poverty of unemployed?

9. It can be said, that the low income level and economical regulations still occures as a system of national rules. Formally free of charge education, health care and housing subsidies make people dependent from the state. The situation of low income, that is guaranteed by the authorities are acumulating. That is what causes the structural poverty, created by a combination of: low income – low standard of life – vegetation guaranteed by the state – subculture of poverty. It can be said, that the low income level and economical regulations still occures as a system of national rules. Formally free of charge education, health care and housing subsidies make people dependent from the state. The situation of low income, that is guaranteed by the authorities are acumulating. That is what causes the structural poverty, created by a combination of: low income – low standard of life – vegetation guaranteed by the state – subculture of poverty.

10. Long-term unemployment destroys human capital

11. Financial degradation influences realization of the caring and upbringing function of Polish and Hungarian family

12. Job loss changes the ways of looking after young children. In Poland (what is different in Hungary) children often stop attending the nursery school, because parents are unable to pay for it. Job loss changes the ways of looking after young children. In Poland (what is different in Hungary) children often stop attending the nursery school, because parents are unable to pay for it.

13. The number of after school activities (classes) has recently been minimalized. At the same time in both these countries most of the cultural and educational institutions have become comercialized. Because of those circumstanses the most of those important institutions is out of reach of those who can not afford to pay for their services. The number of after school activities (classes) has recently been minimalized. At the same time in both these countries most of the cultural and educational institutions have become comercialized. Because of those circumstanses the most of those important institutions is out of reach of those who can not afford to pay for their services.

14. It`s noticeable in many unemployed Polish and Hungarian families that educational aspirations of the children are becoming lower, mainly because of the financial insecurity the live in. It`s noticeable in many unemployed Polish and Hungarian families that educational aspirations of the children are becoming lower, mainly because of the financial insecurity the live in.

15. The emotional and expressional function is very important for every family and it is also being influenced by unemployment, especially the long-lasting one.

16. Unemployed man, especially when his wife is working – finds it difficult to cope with this new situation Unemployed man, especially when his wife is working – finds it difficult to cope with this new situation The relations between parents and children are becoming worse in both these countries because parents are not able to meet all the children`s expectations The relations between parents and children are becoming worse in both these countries because parents are not able to meet all the children`s expectations

17. Socializing function of the families of unemployed is upset and limited in Poland and Hungary

18. Poverty, conflicts and tension – don`t create the right atmosphere for the children`s development, enjoying hobbies, creating the right system of prioriteis and moral standards, patterns and norm of behaviour and neither for introduction to the cultural life Poverty, conflicts and tension – don`t create the right atmosphere for the children`s development, enjoying hobbies, creating the right system of prioriteis and moral standards, patterns and norm of behaviour and neither for introduction to the cultural life

19. Unemployment which causes poverty in the family is connected with the issue of inheriting the poverty and transmission life patterns. This phenomenon appears in Poland and also in Hungary.

20. What is more, the children are being stigmatised by their peers, and considered as worse than the others What is more, the children are being stigmatised by their peers, and considered as worse than the others A phenomenon called cultural poverty which is caused by the fact the poor children are not attending any social or cultural events A phenomenon called cultural poverty which is caused by the fact the poor children are not attending any social or cultural events

21. Polish and Hungarian unemployed and poor people are being excluded from the social and cultural life, they are being put on the dregs of society and there is also a strong stigma attached to that.