1. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank1 Improve Public Transportation with Geographic Information: Door-to-Door Public Transportation Guidance “Zum Hotel Sacher, bitte!” Andrew U. Frank Geoinformation TU Vienna frank@geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at

2. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank2 Overview Motivation: a traveller at the airport Now and in the future Technology User Interface considerations Business model Research Questions

3. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank3 Motivation Imagine yourself leaving the Vienna airport baggage claim area and you have a reservation at the Hotel Sacher in town next to the Opera.

4. Should I take the bus?

5. Should I take the train?

6. Or should I take an airport shuttle?

7. Let’s ask the Information desk: the bus is the fastest way to get to the city centre

8. Do I need local cash for the ticket?

9. The bus leaves

10. The bus arrives

11. From bus to underground: I follow the arrows

12. But I need a new ticket - which one?

13. Which stop to the Opera?

14. I leave at Karlsplatz - which exit?

15. Or this?

17. With some help and detours I get to:

18. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank18 Information needed A traveller needs a surprising amount of detailed information: Schedule Ticketing rules and fares (including how to operate vending machines) Where to board trains and busses Real-time information about when vehicles arrive and leave

19. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank19 Difficult and time consuming to collect trip takes a total of 70 minutes, of which 30 are used to collect information, make decisions, buying tickets. Consider also emotions: anxiety, fear of getting lost therefore : I take the taxi!

20. “Zum Hotel Sacher, bitte!”

21. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank21 Knowledge is available on the web

22. airport building

23. city map with location of Sacher

24. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank24 Information is not in a useful format The collection of the information from the web is a multi-step process, requiring more knowledge than what the traveller has, it is difficult to anticipate the exact information needs ticket prices are not always given exact arrival time is unknown

25. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank25 A future system: Integrated guidance for travellers The example here is for tourists, but comparable approaches can be used for regular users, e.g. commuters. There is extensive research for guidance of drivers of individual cars. Public transportation is the only way for the future of the city!

26. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank26 Preparation phase The reservation system has the information about the flight plan and the hotel reservation. A detailed information for the transfer to town is printed, which includes all tickets, schedules, instruction to change etc.

27. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank27 Guidance during trip: additional information which depends on exact arrival time etc. is delivered using GSM - SMS The traveller’s mobile phone senses location of traveller and gives location and time dependent information.

28. No question which mode of transportation

29. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank29 But clear info: Use Bus! Bus in 5 min zum Air-Terminal dann Umsteigen in U-Bahn Ankunft im Hotel: 16:40 >Alternative<>Ticket<

30. Not: Which ticket and how to pay?

31. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank31 But Ticket on the GSM phone Einfache Fahrt Flughafen Wien-Schwechat Karlsplatz 1 Person annulieren weiter

32. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank32 Path to the Bus: annulieren weiter Weg zum Airport-Bus

33. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank33 What to do with the luggage? Airport - Bus Gepäck in das offene Seitenfach stellen Bus durch Vordertüre betreten Ticket dem Fahrer zeigen annulieren weiter

34. The Bus

35. The Bus arrives

36. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank36 Change from Bus to Metro Umsteigen zur U-Bahn Folgen Sie dem blauen Schild mit weissem U Gepäck nicht vergessen ! U U weiter

37. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank37 weiter Durch das Hotel über die Strasse zur U-Bahn-Station U

39. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank39 weiter in der U-Bahn-Station die Treppe für U4 hinunter. Bahn auf der linken Seite

40. Not a second ticket machine!?

41. No question: where is the Opera ?

42. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank42 Go direction Hutteldorf U-Bahn U4 Richtung Hütteldorf bis 2. Station: Karlsplatz weiter

43. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank43... And a remainder to go off Aussteigen! Sie haben die Station Karlsplatz erreicht. Hier aussteigen und nach rechts zum Ausgang weiter

44. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank44 From the Metro to the Hotel weiter

45. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank45 weiter in der Untergrundpassage Richtung Oper

46. I know which way to go!

47. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank47 Ausgang “Kärntner- strasse“

48. Not this…

49. …but this exit

50. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank50 weiter

51. Effectively I arrive at the destination

52. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank52 Technology The technology is available: GSM - SMS GPS Tickets over the web, Tickets on the mobile phone

53. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank53 The data The data is (mostly) available: Schedule Fares (not always) Town and road maps Real-time position of vehicles Integration is the problem!

54. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank54 Missing: integration A user interface issue: Build a single interface with minimal input needs from the traveller. Components in the system must exchange data. Anticipate needs of traveller. Use profile of declared preferences of traveller.

55. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank55 Business model: The value of the information provided is the time saved; such a service can be included in a travel reservation system. It is either a billable item or a benefit a travel agent offers to his clients.

56. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank56 Generalisation: There are many similar applications of Geographic Information for particular users. They are characterised by: - small amount of GI used - small value (1-5 $) - many users Potential for new uses of geographic information with direct benefit to the citizen!

57. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank57 Two types of GI projects Large GIS - a complex organisation maintains a GIS for its internal use Small GI - a service provider “sells” GI for specific purposes Small GI fits better in the concept of ‘lean government’ and market orientation.

58. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank58 Many applications for Spatial Information: Scheduling for Out-Patients in Hospitals Routing for service vehicles, community cabs etc. Typically achieved: 20 to 25% increase in efficiency.

59. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank59 Future role of Geographic Informtion 80% of all decisions have a spatial component. 20 - 25% improvement achieved (in the long term!) -> 20% of GNP is produced by Spatial Information.

60. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank60 Research issues: Cognition, especially spatial cognition Economy of information, especially spatial

61. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank61 Spatial Cognition How can we identify what information a traveller needs? Hypothesis: In the spatial environment the information needs can be identified.

62. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank62 Ph.D. Research by Martin Raubal: Traveller in an airport, going to the departure gate: Are there all the signs needed for him to reach his destination quickly and without error? Method: Simulation of traveller and his cognitive processes. Is he provided with all the information necessary for the decisions.

63. 6/3/2015Andrew Frank63 Economics of Spatial Information (Ph.D. work by Alenka Krek) The value of information is created by its use in a decision situation. No decision, no value. Value can be estimated quantitatively as contribution to improve decision. The value is passed from the final user back to the producer and the collector of the information. Research directions: how to create a Spatial Information Business?