1. SWEL’04 Workshop – Einhoven, August 23, 2004
Ontology-Based Referencing of Actors, Operation and Resources in eLearning Systems by
Dr Gilbert Paquette
CIRTA-LICEF Research Center
Télé-université, Montréal

2. Backround Work at CIRTA-LICEF
AGD
MOT 2.0
AGD
Advisor
MISA 2.0
MOT plus
MISA 3.0
Gen. soft
MISA 4.0
ADISA
w. Advisor
(multi-actor)
TELOS
Modeler
TELOS Player
MOT plus LD
+Onto Editors

3. Instructional Engineering
A methodology that supports the analysis, the design and the delivery planning of a learning system, integrating the concepts, the processes and the principles of instructional design, software engineering and cognitive engineering
Instructional
Design
Software
Engineering
Knowledge

4. Instructional Modeling
MISA 4.0 Method
Problem definition
100 Training system
102 Training objectives
104 Target Learners
106 Actual situation
108 Reference documents
Knowledge Modeling
210 Knowledge modeling principles
212 Knowledge model
214 Target competencies
310 Learning units content
410 Learning instruments content
610 Knowledge and competency management
Instructional Modeling
220 Instructional principles
222 Learning events network
224 Learning units properties
320 Instructional scenarios
322 Learning activities properties
420 Learning instruments properties
620 Actors and group management
Materials Modeling
230 Media principles
330 Development infrastructure
430 Learning materials list
432 Learning materials models
434 Media elements
436 Source documents
630 Learning system / resource management
Delivery Modeling
240 Delivery principles
242 Cost-benefit analysis
340 Delivery planning
440 Delivery models
442 Actors and user’s materials
444 Tools and telecommunication
446 Services and delivery locations
540 Assessment planning
640 Maintenance / quality management

5. Knowledge Modeling Axis Instructional Modeling Axis
MISA 4.0 Central Tasks
Knowledge Modeling Axis
Instructional Modeling Axis
212
Knowledge
Model
214
Actors
Competencies
222
Learning
Events
Network
310
Learning
Units Content
410
Learning
Instruments
Content
320
Instructional
Scenarios

6. MOT Graphic Language L CONCEPTS PROCEDURES PRINCIPLES N K C S P I/P R

7. Learning Events and Scenarios

8. IMS-Learning Design Information Model

9. Graphic Representation of a LD

10. A Simple IMS-LD Method Course on Ecological Agriculture C C Module A
Module B
(For
(For agriculture
beginners)
expert) C C R
Role 2:
Group of
Learners
Role 1:
Individual
Role 3:
Teacher
Act 1
Act 2
Synthetize P
Analyze Gas
domains and
Properties
methods C C C
Activity 4 C
Activity 5
Activity 1 C
Present a
Classify Gases by
Explore the
Systhesis on Gaz
their presence in
Agriculture
Properties
Agriculture
Domains and
Methods
Activity 3
Domain and
Persons, resources
for the
Classification of
Agriculture Domains
and Methods IP
Synthesis
Classification
Table
Lecture
Notes and
Web Sites
Validated
Loosely
Aggregated
Information
Activity 2
Evaluate and
methods
Make a
discuss
synthsis
synthesis

11. Improve Knowledge Referencing
IMS-LD is a progress in eLearning specifications
Some IMS-LD scenarios cannot be expressed in SCORM
IMS-LD is more general, favors innovative methods
Assigning optional objectives and prerequisites according to the IMS RDCEO specification (IMS 2002) is not enough
Consistency checking is not supported between levels nor between the content of learning activities and resources, and the actors’ competency
Knowledge in learning resources is not described
Actor’s knowledge and competencies is only indirectly defined through educational objectives
Need for a qualitative structural representation of knowledge in activities, but also a quantitative one

12. Explor@-II Delivery System

13. Structured Competencies
To say that somebody needs to acquire a certain knowledge is insufficient
A skills’ taxonomy based on different viewpoints : instructional objectives, generic tasks/processes, meta-knowledge
Expandable taxonomy from general to specific
Ordering skills from simple to complex
Integrating domains of multiple intelligence: cognitive, affective, social, psycho-motor

14. An integrated skills taxonomy
Generic
skill
Inputs
Products
Simulate
Process to simulate: inputs, products, sub-procedures, control principles
Trace of the procedure: set of facts obtained through the application of the procedure in a particular case
Construct
Definition constraints to be satisfied such as target inputs, products or steps….
A model of the process: its inputs, products, sub-procedures each with their own inputs, products and control principles S
Exerce
a skill
Receive
Reproduce
Create
Self-
manage
1-Show
awareness
9-Evaluate
4-Transpose
7-Repair
2-Internalize
3-Instantiate
/Detail
5-Apply
6-Analyze
8-Synthesize
10-Self- S
Identify
Illustrate
Memorize
Utilize
Classify
Construct
Initiate/
Influence
Adapt/
control
Discriminate
Explicitate
Simulate
Deduce
Predict
Diagnose
Induce
Plan

15. Skill/Performance Scale
Skills
Self-manage (10)
Evaluate (9)
Synthesize (8)
Repair (7)
Analyze (6)
Apply (5)
Transpose (4)
Interpret (3)
Identify (2)
Memorize (1)
Pay attention (0)
Multimedia Production Method
Book X
Peter M
Video Y . .
Aware Familiarized Productive Expert
Performance

16. Representing Knowledge in Explor@-II

17. A Multi Actor Workflow Interface
Evaluate
essay
Evaluation
Obtain
Essay
Produce
essay
Analyze the
vidéo
Video
Analysis
Coach
Forum
Profiles

18. Functions : Multi-Actor Processes
Learning Design
Learner’s assessment
Knowledge processing
Learning Object management
Collaboration management
Emerging activities management
Delivery Models (Blended, Communities of Practice, EPSS,…)
…..
In LORNET, a TELOS LKMS is an aggregation of FUNCTIONS
A function is a multi-actor process graph
…part of a delivery model represeting
…a use-case of the TELOS delivery system
…and a physiology of the DLS

19. A Graphic OWL Editor

20. A Simple Ontology

21. Referencing with an Ontology

22. Skill/Performance Scale
Skills
Multimedia Production Method
Self-manage (10)
Evaluate (9)
Synthesize (8)
Repair (7)
Analyze (6)
Apply (5)
Transpose (4)
Interpret (3)
Identify (2)
Memorize (1)
Pay attention (0)
Book X
Peter M
Video Y . .
Aware Familiarized Productive Expert
Performance

23. Competency Equations
Components of a Function must reach competence equilibrium .
Ex: Learning resources (persons, documents and tools) must enable learners to progress from an entry level to a target level required by the activity. C
Act 5 P
Activity 5.4
Activitiy 5.1
Activity 5.2 IP
Product
resource
Input
Activity 5.3 R
Trainer
Learner
7.4
TC:
EC:
6.4
5.2

24. Referencing Principles
Tree organization of the knowledge referential:
allows competence inheritance from parent node to children
reduce significantly the mechanisms of competence analysis and management.
Must be completed by relational logic to sustain more refined mechanism of conceptual matching.
Ontology referencing is insufficient without mastery levels
prevent coarse granulation of sense
weak semantic management services.
Quantitative measures to weight ability on knowledge
level scale to be reasonably simple, manageable
levels correspondomg to clearly identify cognitive processes
to be materialized as a learning design

25. LORNET Research Network
A major Canadian Initiative in Learning and Semantic Web technologies
8 M $ in 5 years on learning and knowledge-based technologies
Joint research with 27 industrial partners and organizations
A team of 129 researchers, students and professionals.
Consolidation of 7 research labs and centers and 4 Research Chairs
Convergence of complementary research areas
Interaction with leading international projects: OKI, IMS, CETIS, COLIS, Kaleidoscope

26. Future Research in LORNET
New knowledge
On Semantic Web techniques and applications
On ICT support to Knowledge Management and training
On learning objects creation, processing and use
Tools and methods
For ontologies creation and use
For design, static and dynamic aggregation of LOs
For content repurposing and adaptive assistance
For knowledge extraction to model learning objects
For advanced multimedia creation, search, delivery
Systems
TELOS : Telelearning Operating System
5 LKMS and LKMA: Learning and Knowledge Management Design and Delivery systems and application

27. SWEL’04 Workshop – Einhoven, August 23, 2004
Ontology-Based Referencing of Actors, Operation and Resources in eLearning Systems by
Dr Gilbert Paquette
CIRTA-LICEF Research Center
Télé-université, Montréal