1. Towards the Inaugural Australian Decadal Plan for Space Science: 2007-2016 Plan Steering Committee (Iver H. Cairns, Brett Biddington, Graziella Caprarelli, Jon Clarke, David Cole, Peter Dyson, Brian Fraser, Alex Held, Marc Norman, Carol Oliver, Andrew Parfitt, Peter Robinson, Malcolm Walter, Bob Vincent, and John Zilman) AIP Congress 6/12/06 I.What is Space Science? II.Intentions for the Decadal Plan & Draft Vision III. Process IV. Science Themes V. A Taste of the Proposed Science VI. Summary & Call for Input. [See www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ncss for Plan status and documents.]www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ncss

2. I. What is Space Science? Science of solar system phenomena and objects. Science of space & science from space “Everything above the tropopause”.

3. What is Space Science? Space Science includes: space physics and space weather planetary geology remote sensing of Earth … from orbit astrobiology space technology Astronomy  extra-solar system, Earth Sciences  surface and below.

4. i. Space Physics & Space Weather Type II radio burst from a CME shock [Knock & Cairns, 2005] SOHO (LASCO C2) Observations: ground (remote) or space (in situ and remote). Theory/modelling of plasma physics & entire space phenomenon

5. i. (cont.) Space physic & space weather Currents, B and n fluctuations, atmospheric changes, aurorae … Energetic particle damage … EMFs, GPS & satellite/ground communication problems, …  major effects on humanity. Halloween 2003 Storms [Yizengaw et al., 2005]

6. ii. Planetary Sciences & iv. Astrobiology Voyager (L) then Galileo (ices & minerals) Properties & evolution of planets and Life.

7. iv. Remote Sensing of Earth.. Atmosphere, ionosphere, environment, minerals, space weather..

8. v. Australian Space Technology TIGER radar FedSat – only spacecraft Culgoora Antarctica

9. II. Intentions for the Decadal Plan National Committees of the Australian Academy of Science aim to: –Foster their area/field of science (and others) –Link Australian and international scientists in the area. NCSS & Steering Committee intend the Decadal Plan to Build a sustainable world-class community of Australian space scientists. Present exciting, widely-agreed, visionary research themes and projects directed towards longterm scientific goals of the Australian space science community. Link the research and goals with the interests and requirements of Australian constituencies: Government, Industry, wider scientific community, and public. Develop and optimize the space science community for the nation’s benefit. Be the official position of the space science community and Academy on major science and funding projects. Lead to increased Government funding of space science.

10. Draft Vision Australia’s space scientists sustainably make world-class scientific discoveries and technology, lead and take part in national and international space projects at our geopolitical level, provide strong national benefits ranging from education to defence to industry, are highly valued by the Australian Government and all sections of Society, and strongly increase Australia’s national prestige and geopolitical rank.

11. “Space: A Priority for Australia” – Senator Grant Chapman & SPAG [December 2005] “Space technologies are essential to resolve vital national interest issues which span … services used by industry, government & citizens …national security, water.. mining,.. transport. ” “Currently we are operating in a high-risk environment. Even the temporary loss of many key, space-based services … would damage the nation.” Of top 26 nations by GDP only 2 have no space program: Australia (14) and Mexico (11) … In ASEAN Australia one of few without a space program. In this environment the Decadal Plan is a huge opportunity to advance space science.

12. III. Process (see www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ncss) Steering Committee: final responsibility for the development, writing, approval, and publication of the Decadal Plan. Working Group: researches a specific component of the Decadal Plan and then provides recommendations (e.g., priority research topics, ideas, and projects) and draft text for the Plan to the Steering Committee. Now writing Draft Plan & refining inputs (early to mid 2007 release). Decadal Plan Steering Committee Science Working Groups Industry / Science Working Groups Government Working Group Demographics Working Group Public Outreach Working Group Remote sensing Sun to Ground Planetary Sciences Theory, Mod., & data Ground Space Weather Space Tech

13. Participants AuspaceAustralian Antarctic Division ANUBritish Aerospace Australia Bureau of MeteorologyBureau of Rural Science Cisco Systems COSSA CRCSI DSTO Geoscience AustraliaGravitec IPS Radio and Space ServicesLa Trobe University Macquarie UniversityUniversity of Adelaide University of NewcastleUniversity of NSW University of Queensland University of Sydney University of South Australia University of Southern Queensland University of Technology, SydneyUniversity of Western Australia Vipac WA Department of Land Inform.

14. Timeline & Proposed Schedule September 2005 - NCSS announces Development of Decadal Plan - release of Draft Structure, Purview, and Strawman documents - NCSS asks for written comments & volunteers to develop Plan October 2005 - Deadline for initial feedback - NCSS revised the Process, incorporating feedback March 2006 - Working Groups formed & started work July - WG Reports to Steering Committee August-November - Steering Committee meetings, visits & Plan talks September - LASP Proposal written & submitted (funding of publication) Late December - Draft Plan to Steering Committee Feb - March 2007 - Draft Plan Released for Comment March - April 2007 - Townhall Meeting for final revision & Adoption of Plan April – Sept 2007 - Release of Plan (dependent on election & politics) “brainstorming” “WG” period

15. IV. Science Themes Global Science Themes: Longterm Vision & Big Picture Questions Science Projects & Facilities Links and Benefits to Government & Industry

16. Global Science Themes (draft) (i)Sun and Space to Earth (SSE) Understand how activity on the Sun and in space develops throughout the solar system and affects humans and human technology. (ii)Plasma to Planets (P2P) Understand evolution from plasma & dust to the present-day Sun, Earth, and other solar system bodies and then beyond. (iii)Observing Australia, Earth and Planets from Space Remotely sense and model the atmosphere, climate, oceans, surface, life, and geology of Australia, Earth and other planets and solar system bodies. (iv)Life and Technology in Space (LIFTS) Understand the effects of space’s harsh environment on life and technology, develop space technology, and consider how life evolved on Earth and perhaps elsewhere? (OAEPS)

17. V. Taste of the Proposed Science & Projects Play to our strengths & related Government & industry interests. Australian National Space Center/Corp. 1 Grand Challenge project (Eurydice) 3 Flagship projects (Lightning, Octant, and NISS) Multiple smaller & component projects (e.g., Digi-TIGER)

18. Lightning-1 & -2: Flagship Concept Dynamics of equatorial to high- latitude ionosphere & atmosphere Lightning, sprites & global electrodynamic circuit. Greenhouse gases & climate change, local and large-scale – measurement & verification. Remote sensing Australia Gravimetric & magnetic maps of Australia (geodesy, minerals..) Demonstrate Australian technologies (electric propulsion, spacecraft/comms, instruments) Beacon/Rec for ionospheric radars 1 equatorial, 1 highly inclined. 250-1000 km altitude (alterable) Upgradable L1 L2

19. Flagship: “Octant” o o o o o o o o o o o Connection to FedSat and international space/ground networks Provide vital ionospheric info for SKA, NTD, MWA etc. (justify in Oz). Provide ionospheric, atmospheric, and comms info (and cover) for national security, plus associated high-tech training. Major industry benefits and high-tech products for export. ~1/8 World’s surface: Radar, optical/IR, GPS TEC & scints, magnetometer, digisonde, solar radio, and radio comms. Study Sun-Earth connections & space weather from Sun to magsphere to ionosphere/ground on a global basis (pole ↔ equator).

20. What Space Science Do You Want to Do? Science? Instruments? Missions? What can the Decadal Plan do to help you? For now prefer existing or cheap instruments (< $2-10 M so missions < $20M). Talk to or email i.cairns@physics.usyd.edu.au or Steering Committee members.i.cairns@physics.usyd.edu.au

21. VI. Overview & Call for Input NCSS & the Steering Committee are developing the first Australian Decadal Plan for Space Science: 2007-2016, www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ncss. www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~ncss Draft Plan likely early 2007, then a Townhall meeting for community to revise & approve it. Plan must excite, energise, link, and redevelop the Australian space science community, as well as provide very strong national benefit. Detailed Plan Discussion & Workshop follow during lunch. –Tell us what (i) you want to do and (ii) the Plan can do to help you … science, instruments …. –Provide input and then support the Plan and lobby for its adoption by the SSC and Government. Join the Decadal Plan email list to keep informed.