1. Today’s Agenda  Assignment 1 is due Monday I’ll accept until Friday without penalty  Questions?  Review  Taaffe’s Model  Gravity Model  Atlanta

2. Taaffe’s Network Model of Development: A Sequence of Ideal Types  Local ports and hinterlands  Penetration lines (e.g. mine to port)  Network interconnection (interior hubs)  High priority trunk lines

4. Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction  where: I = interaction P = population, or some other surrogate k = constant (scalar) d = distance between points i and j. b = friction of distance (slope of distance decay function)

5. Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction CALG 750K LETH 65K MH 45K 300 km 220 km 170 km CALGMHLETH CALG--- MH375,000--- LETH1,007,231101,211--- Interaction Matrix

6. Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction  P may be based on other measures: total employment for POP total registered vehicles total employment income etc  Exponent, b may be based on other measures of “friction of distance”: travel time rather than distance travel cost rather than distance  Consider effect of technology change on b.

7. Atlanta  Emblematic of the “new south” Rapid growth in sunbelt Urbanization, industrialization, high technology, corporate centre, transportation  Rivalry with Savannah as Georgia’s key port  Railroad  Delta airline hub  Interstate highway system and I-285 beltway  Edge City/suburban downtown phenomenon  Decentralization of Office space

9. Impact of Transportation on Economic Activity  Water – coastal, river, lake, cities  Railway – Prairie cities  Highway development – 3 phases of impact Substitution: shipping by rail→road  Modal separation  Pedestrians and highways Transition: adjacent land use/density  Induced demand Developmental:  Transportation ↔ Economic activity