1. Getting to California loophole – a way to work around an existing law. FDR used one to go around the 1939 Neutrality Act by exchanging used battleships for the right to build naval bases on British territory Election of 1940 – FDR becomes the only President elected to a third term easily defeating Wendell Willkie with a promise to keep America out of a foreign war Lend-Lease Act – in another loophole to the Neutrality Acts, rather than sell weapons to the Allies he lends and leases ships to England Hemispheric Defense Zone – FDR declares any attack on the Western Hemisphere will be looked at as an attack on the United States. Ch 19 Sec 4: America Closer to War

2. Intro 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 4: America Enters the War Explain how Roosevelt helped Britain while maintaining official neutrality. 

3. Section 4-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading After World War II began, the United States attempted to continue its prewar policy of neutrality.  America First Committee  Main Idea Key Terms and Names Lend-Lease Act  hemispheric defense zone  Atlantic Charter  strategic materials

4. Section 4-5 FDR Supports England Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Two days after Britain and France declared war against Germany, President Roosevelt declared the United States neutral. (pages 601–602)

5. Section 4-5 FDR Supports England Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed warring countries to buy weapons from the United States as long as they paid cash and carried the arms away on their own ships. (pages 601–602)

6. Section 4-6 President Roosevelt used a loophole in the Neutrality Act of 1939 and sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain in exchange for the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands. FDR Supports England (cont.) (pages 601–602)

7. Section 4-8 The Isolationist Debate Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The America First Committee opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies. Charles Lindberg giving a speech for “America First”

8. Section 4-8 The Isolationist Debate Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. After the German invasion of France and the rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk, American public opinion changed to favor limited aid to the Allies. (pages 602–603)

9. Section 4-9 President Roosevelt ran for an unprecedented third term as president in the election of 1940. Both Roosevelt and the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, said they would keep the United States neutral but assist the Allied forces. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 602–603)

10. Section 4-9 Roosevelt won by a large margin. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 602–603)

11. Section 4-11 Edging Toward War Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act, which stated that the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” (pages 603–604)

12. You Don’t Say 1-1 "Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. " - Franklin Roosevelt (March 1941) In support of the Lend-Lease Act

13. Section 4-11 Edging Toward War Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Congress passed the act by a wide margin. (pages 603–604)

14. Section 4-12 In June 1941, in violation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler began a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. Edging Toward War (cont.) (pages 603–604)

15. Section 4-13 President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone, which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. This allowed Roosevelt to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and reveal the location of German submarines to the British. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Edging Toward War (cont.) (pages 603–604)

16. Section 4-14 In August 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to the Atlantic Charter. This agreement committed the two leaders to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Edging Toward War (cont.) (pages 603–604)

17. Section 4-15 After a German U-boat fired on the American destroyer Greer, Roosevelt ordered American ships to follow a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German submarines. Germans torpedoed and sank the American destroyer Reuben James in the North Atlantic. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Edging Toward War (cont.)

18. Section 4-17 Japan Attacks the United States Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Roosevelt’s primary goal between August 1939 and December 1941 was to help Britain and its allies defeat Germany. (pages 604–606)

19. Section 4-23 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.materials needed for fighting a war __ 2.national policy during World War II that declared the Western Hemisphere to be neutral and that the United States would patrol this region against German submarines A.hemispheric defense zone B.strategic materials Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B

20. Section 4-10 What caused many Americans to change their opinion about United States neutrality? After the German invasion of France and the rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk, American public opinion changed to favor limited aid to the Allies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) (pages 602–603)

21. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

22. Section 4-7 How did President Roosevelt support Britain in the war effort? President Roosevelt used a loophole in the Neutrality Act of 1939 and sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain in exchange for the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. FDR Supports England (cont.) (pages 601–602)

23. Section 4-16 How did President Roosevelt get around American neutrality in order to aid the British? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Edging Toward War (cont.) (pages 603–604)

24. Section 4-16a President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act, which stated that the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone, which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. This allowed Roosevelt to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and reveal the location of German submarines to the British. Edging Toward War (cont.) (pages 603–604)

25. Section 4-24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Individual Action After Roosevelt made the destroyer-for-bases deal with Britain, some Americans called him a dictator. Do you think Roosevelt was right or wrong in his actions? Explain your answer. Answers will vary. Reviewing Themes