1. Imperialism

2. Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries in It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

3. Imperialism Imperialism is the rule of one country by another
The country was divided between Imperialist and Anti-Imperialist in the late 1800s

4. Spanish American War Origins of the Spanish American War
The Triggering Events
Course and Consequences of the War

5. Origins of the Spanish American War
Spain’s power was in decline. By 1898 Spain had Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico
Jose Marti organized rebellion while living in US

6. Humanitarian Concerns
Progressives move to reform internationally

7. Yellow Journalism
Technique for selling more newspaper by sensationalizing and even distorting news events to arouse interest and evoke sympathy
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolf Hearst

8. Economic Interest $50 million invested in Cuba
Cuban civil war was hurting investments and if America went to war and won that would open the door to more investments

9. Imperial interest
Ostend Manifesto-before Civil War letter that urged America to buy Cuba and turn it into a slave state/colony –remember Missouri Compromise

10. Triggering Events
De Lome Letter
Explosion of the Maine

11. Course and Consequence
War lasted four months
Theodore Roosevelt-Rough Riders took San Juan Hill outside of Santiago (old Cuban capital)
Commodore George Devey defeated Spanish fleet in Manila Bay the Philippines
Spain lost Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam
US paid $20 million for the Philippines, Cuba became independent but under direct control of the US

12. Teller Amendment-Platt Amendment
Anti-Imperialist in Congress passed the Teller Amendment along with declaring war
Stated the United States would not annex Cuba
After the war, Platt Amendment
US can intervene in Cuban affairs, put bases there and Cuba could not borrow from foreign countries that can later control them

13. Imperialist vs Anti Imperialist
The Spanish American War made the US an imperial power and people had different opinions about it
Those in favor:
Need for Raw materials and markets
New technological Capabilities
Importance of Naval Power (Alfred Thayer Mahan “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History)
Competition with European Powers
Golden Opportunity
New Manifest Destiny
White Man’s Burden- Anglo-Saxons
Social Darwinists

14. Against:
Immoral and against democracy
Lead to rivalry and armed conflict
Take jobs and reduce wages for Americans
Social reformers: Samuel Gompers (labor), Jane Addams (settlement houses), William Jennings Bryan (farmers) made the Anti Imperialist League
Mark Twain “I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land”

15. Our Colonial Empire after the war
Philippines Philippines were upset the President McKinley annexed the Philippines instead of granting them their independence Begin fighting new American occupiers for 3 years Filipino forces defeated in 1902

16. Hawaii
Many American businesses (plantations) forced King of Hawaii to change constitution to give only property owners right to vote
1893 Queen Liliuokalani tried to change constitution back but US Marines and landowners forced her out of power
President Cleveland refused to take Hawaii (anti-imperialist)
1898 after war Congress voted to annex Hawaii

17. Guam Samoa and Midway Midway 1867 Guam taken from Spain Samoa 1899
Small islands provided supplies and fuel to ships

18. Pan Americanism
The idea that Latin America and US should work togoether

19. Puerto Rico, Cuba, Virgin Islands
Puerto Rico became and American possession
Cuba- Teller/Platt Amendment= protectorate
Virgin Islands- purchased from Dutch 1917

20. Foreign Policy
With the control of the Philippines and naval bases and coaling stations in Midway, Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, Asian importance grew

21. Open Door Policy in China 1899
Secretary of State John Hay proposed equal trading rights for all foreign “Open Door” policy
Led to Boxer Rebellion-Chinese opposed to foreign influence
To compromise Hay announced US would oppose any attempt to divide China

22. Japan Matthew Perry “gunboat diplomacy” opened Japan to trade
Japan became industrializing and desire to be imperialistic after what happened to them
Weak China and strengthening Japan led to war-Sino-Chinese War
Japan won and gained Taiwan and Korea
Later fought Russia for Chinese land and won, Theodore Roosevelt ended the way with the Treaty of Portsmouth

23. Panama Canal New Asian interest led to a need for the Panama Canal
Panama was part of Colombia and US offered $10 million and annual fee for the canal land. Colombia refused. US supported rebels in Panama who were trying to separate from Colombia.
Roosevelt sent ship to defend rebels, Panama became its own country and gave US “Panama Canal Zone”
Canal cost over $400 million and cost thousands of lives from work conditions and disease (malaria and yellow fever

24. Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine- no new colonies in Americas
Roosevelt Corollary-no use of force to collect any debts in Americas
Dominican Republic
Haiti
“Big Stick” policy

25. Taft “Dollar Diplomacy”
Encouraged bankers to lend money to Caribbean countries to pay European loans or invest
When unable to pay US sent troops and government had to give control of certain industries to American businesses

26. Wilson “Watchful Waiting”
Intervened in Haiti, Nicaragua, and DR
Purchased Virgin Islands from Denmark
In Mexico, General Huerta overthrew government. Wilson did not recognize government
Sent troops to prevent Germans from landing arms in Mexico, Huerta left power
Angered Mexicans, Pancho Villa murdered American workers in Mexico and crossed border and attacked American town in New Mexico
Wilson sent troops into Mexico for a year to search for Pancho Villa but never found him

27. Florida involvement Ybor City- Cuban cigar making operation
Cuban immigrants gave Jose Marti money and support
Tampa became big base for Spanish American War
Henry Flagler built railroad to Key West to increase trade potential